Wednesday, September 2, 2020

Ethical Issues in Social Work Essay example -- Papers

Moral Issues in Social Work I will give commonsense assistance to new social laborers to support them comprehend and manage moral issues and situations which they will face. There are numerous moral issues which are essential to social work, however I feel that these are completely secured by the consideration esteem base. The consideration esteem base Was formulated by the consideration part consortium in 1992, this was with the goal that the laborers in wellbeing and social consideration had a typical arrangement of qualities and standards which they would all hold fast to. It is significant since just because the social consideration division had an away from of rules from which moral decisions could be made. The consideration esteem base is separated into 5 components - The consideration esteem base spreads - Equality and Diversity - Rights and duties - Confidentiality - Promoting hostile to Discrimination - Effective correspondence Uniformity and Diversity Carers must esteem assorted variety themselves before they can adequately care for the various races, religions and diversely abled individuals they will run over in their mindful calling. Decent variety is the place there are a wide range of sorts of individuals living in a network together. This implies in a set situation there will be dark, Asian, gay, straight, distinctively abled individuals living respectively in a network. Prejudicial prejustice must have the option to be perceived by the carer, for instance, if a lady is being oppressed in a care home, or rewarded contrastingly in an emergency clinic setting, the carer must have the option to perceive that this conduct is occurring, and illuminate a higher force, or experience the objections procedu... ...es. The moral issues encompassing this Act is who’s rights are increasingly significant, the privilege of the parent to have their youngster with them, or the privilege of the kid to live cheerfully and unafraid of misuse. This likewise applies to schools The Data Protection Act of 1998 implies that administration clients have a privilege to keep hidden data private, however it likewise implies that they have a capably corresponding to the privileges of other help clients. The privacy must be kept inside specific fringes, and can be broken when other help user’s rights clash. Certain data may should be passed to a senior individual from staff when there is somebody in harm's way. This identifies with moral issues as it is hard to choose when secret data ought to be shared, as portrayed in my moral predicament above.

Saturday, August 22, 2020

Implication of Increasing Premium Rates Essays

Ramifications of Increasing Premium Rates Essays Ramifications of Increasing Premium Rates Paper Ramifications of Increasing Premium Rates Paper Clinical negligence protection ought to be a need for all human services suppliers, for example, doctors, clinical collaborators, attendants, and other clinical staffs. This will empower them to be shielded from liabilities and claims from considered â€Å"negligent acts†, for example, missteps, mishaps, and oversights that may make wounds or mischief the patients. These mix-ups are unusual regardless of the abilities the clinical experts have (Rodgers). Clinical misbehavior may either be inability to analyze, misdiagnosis, inappropriate treatment or postponement in treatment. There are numerous instances of misbehavior, for example, wrong kidney activity, wrong treatment for influenza, or wrong eye activity. Claims other than this have been expanding over the previous years. Doctors can get away from such liabilities through clinical misbehavior protection. In any case, premium rates in clinical negligence protection have been expanding over the previous years. In 2003, the General Accounting Office of the United States discharged a report on clinical negligence protection and the variables that have added to the expansion of premium rates. The investigation was led so as to examine the issue of doctors with respect to the increments of premium rates. Doctors were anguishing that they can no longer bear the cost of the negligence protection and they would be constraining their administrations, therefore. Then again, a few back up plans quit selling misbehavior protection on account of little gainfulness (Medical Malpractice Insurance 2003). GAO discovered a few factors that added to the expansion of premium rates, for example, falling venture salary and rising reinsurance costs coming about to the increment of all out costs that other premium spreads (Medical Malpractice Insurance 2003). The expanding pattern in the top notch paces of negligence protection started in the mid-1970s until the 1980s as a result of the numerous cases making a few back up plans stop in inclusion. Additionally, doctor claimed insurance agencies supplanted other obligation bearers whose point was to win more benefit. The pattern cut off during the 1980s when premium expanded substantially more. So as to manage the expanding pattern, states passed laws to diminish premium rates (Thorpe, 2004). By the 1990s, increments in premium rates proceeded in a few states, for example, Pennsylvania. The emergency in the expanding premium rates pattern made some huge back up plans close down, for example, the St. Paul Companies. Furthermore, handling claims by patients may take over two years hence making it difficult for safety net providers to set premiums (Mello, 2006). Doctors in West Virginia mobilized against the high premiums which hindered the New Jersey and caused shutting of heath benefits incidentally. There were additionally follow up rallies in Connecticut and different states (Thorpe, 2004). Obstetricians, gynecologist and neurosurgeons are enormously influenced by the high premium rates making a few professionals quit giving medicinal services administrations. Martha Drohobyczer, an attendant maternity specialist, for instance, couldn't convey the child of her three-year long patient who was going to bring forth her first infant. Drohobyczer can't manage the cost of the recently expanded misbehavior protection costing $50,000 every year. In this way, she would not have the option to offer the types of assistance that her patients required (Babula, 2002). In 2003, the doctor possessed Medical Insurance Exchange of California (MIEC) finished inclusion in Nevada. MIEC has been giving protection fro doctors in Nevada for a long time. This move by the MIEC was dreaded to lead the pattern of insurance agencies shutting down (Babula, 2003). Last March 2007, the Americans for Insurance Reform discharged a report about the steady misfortunes or the unsteady paces of clinical negligence protection. By 2005, doctors paid $13,000 premium with $5,400 direct misfortunes paid. This implies specialists paid $5,400 every year to individuals who professed to be harmed in addition to the sum the insurance agencies paid for legal advisors (Medical Malpractice Inusrance: Stable Losses/Unstable Rates 2007, 2007). References Babula, J. (2002). Clinical Malpractice Crisis: Insurance costs pushing specialists away. Recovered October 19, 2007 from reviewjournal. com/lvrj_home/2002/Jan-23-Wed-2002/news/17929548. html Babula, J. (2003). Another protection firm set to leave. Las Vegas Review-Journal. Recovered October 19, 2007 from reviewjournal. com/lvrj_home/2003/Jul-31-Thu 2003/news/21845688. html Medical Malpractice Insurance: Multiple Factors Have Contributed to Increased Premium Rates. (2003). ): United States General Accounting Office. Recovered October 19, 2007 from gao. gov/new. things/d03702. pdf Medical Malpractice Inusrance: Stable Losses/Unstable Rates 2007. (2007). ): American for Insurance Reform. Recovered October 19, 2007 from protection change. organization/StableLosses2007. pdf Mello, M. M. (2006). Understanding Medical Malpractice Insurance: A Primer. Robertwood Johnson Foundation, 1-20. Recovered October 19, 2007 from rwjf. organization/pr/blend/reports_and_briefs/pdf/no8_primer. pdf Rodgers, D. Significance of Professional Liability and Malpractice Insurance. Recovered October 19, 2007, from http://profiles. friendster. com/client. php Thorpe, K. E. (2004). The Medical Malpractice ‘Crisis’: Recent Trends And The Impact Of State Tort Reforms. Wellbeing Affairs. Recovered October 19, 2007 from http://content. healthaffairs. organization/cgi/content/full/hlthaff. w4. 20v1/DC1

MPH522 - Public Health Law and Policy, Mod 2 Case Assignment Essay

MPH522 - Public Health Law and Policy, Mod 2 Case Assignment - Essay Example More than 66% of the old live autonomously in a family setting. Twenty-seven percent live in adjusted yet not institutional setting, including senior residents lodging, bunch homes, and condos, or with relatives. Older people will frequently attempt to keep their homes notwithstanding the physical or financial troubles in doing as such. A house is something other than a physical safe house; it speaks to freedom and security to most. For some older individuals, keeping the family home is certifiably not a reasonable alternative for a few reasons. Be that as it may, some old stay in their homes and decline to surrender them and they wind up confronting a few difficulties, for example, everyday costs, constant or intense ailments, social separation and constrained versatility. The greater part of the old end up living on a fixed pay in this way ignoring their ways of life, for example, eating well and looking for clinical consideration. This is one of the territories that needs more consideration for general wellbeing approach. It has been acknowledged that these old individuals should leave their homes and go to nursing homes to the detriment of Medicare and Medicaid (Fielding, Marks, Myers, 2002). This is the exact opposite thing they need and Public Health strategy ought to be created making them progressively ready to remain in their homes until they kick the bucket. It is difficult to envision that it isn't le ss expensive and more beneficial, just as better quality consideration for them to be in their own homes. Another issue is crisis readiness. A great many people think the administration implies for them to have two or three containers of water and some dried nourishments accessible on the off chance that the lights go out. There ought to be some more prominent open arrangements on what ought to be readied and for whom and how much for what measured family. The open will never comprehend this altogether if there isn't better training and intercessions alongside approach to support them. This could have an immense effect if there is another serious calamity

Friday, August 21, 2020

Economy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Economy - Essay Example tanding of how the economy is using rare assets, financial experts dig into characterizations of GDP and its impacts on the few types of spending happening in the nation. The GDP is partitioned into four primary segments. These incorporate utilization, venture, government buys and net fares. Every one of these parts when included equivalent the GDP. The connection among GDP and its four segments can be communicated as a condition as follows: This condition speaks to a personality (Mankiw 208). This implies the factors of the condition will choose the legitimacy of the condition. In the condition, a wide range of use that is done in the nation are arranged into both of the parts of the GDP. The biggest piece of the GDP is utilization buys and established 70% of the GDP in the US in 2007 (Mankiw 211). They involve the consumption of the family unit on buyer merchandise and enterprises in a specific period. Utilization buys involve a stream idea (Gwartney et al. 153). The administrations and merchandise that the shoppers decide on are for the most part nondurable in nature. Uses done on food, attire, diversion and clinical administrations are a piece of utilization buys. These items are not extremely dependable and are spent in a limited ability to focus time. Then again, strong items, for example, vehicles structure only one-ninth of the absolute utilization buys and are spent over an extensive stretch of time. Venture involves the creation of capital merchandise that are going to cause a progression of future administrations. They are not expended over a brief timeframe and incorporate the speculations of organizations into apparatuses and types of gear just as houses. Net private speculation can be done to substitute old apparatus or for adding net options to the current pool of capital resources (Gwartney et al. 153). Net speculation is pivotal in knowing the future extent of efficiency of the economy. In 2007, they approached to 15% of the GDP in

4 Reasons You Need Volunteer Work On Your Resume

4 Reasons You Need Volunteer Work On Your Resume We as a whole know chipping in experience can truly energize a resume. In any case, it’s elusive an opportunity to adjust that kind of extracurricular interest with obtaining all the aptitudes and information required in your field. It’s difficult to tell when chipping in would really, explicitly, straightforwardly help you in your pursuit of employment. Here are four circumstances where some charitable effort on your resume would be a significant asset:1. You’ve just graduatedYour just applicable experience is scholarly, maybe with a temporary position or two. Chipping in at this phase in your vocation can be spectacular for building your system and helping you secure positions, and furthermore for cushioning your resume to assist you with getting one. Attempt to discover an open door that supplements your picked vocation way and you’ll be well on your way.2. You’re jobless and have been (or will be) for a whileKeep yourself current and demonstrate that, despite the fact that you might not have gotten an appropriate line of work opportunity in the interim, you’ve kept yourself occupied and roused and have kept your aptitudes sharp. It’s additionally an extraordinary method to make new associations. No one can tell who may assist you with finding your next job.3. You need to change careersWhile you begin to develop abilities and skill in the new profession you’re calculating to change into, chipping in can be an incredible method to consider making the plunge and break into that world. It shows your energy for your field, and will begin helping you to make significant systems administration associations, in addition to learning things that will serve you over the span of your profession switch.4. You don’t realize what you need to doIt’s alright to come out of school and not know precisely what you need to be the point at which you grow up. Charitable effort is an incredible method to evaluat e various fields and discover what rewards you and difficulties you most. Play around. Most dire outcome imaginable? You haven’t sat around idly, you’ve assisted with having any kind of effect.

Monday, June 29, 2020

The Ethics of Physician-Assisted Suicide - Free Essay Example

Abstract Physician-assisted suicide is a highly controversial topic around the world and is only legal in seven countries as a whole and seven states in the US along with the District of Columbia. The controversy stems from the debate on whether the patient has a right to end their own life. Historically, suicide was seen as a sin since only God had the right to determine when a person was to die, and since many western countries practiced Christianity which said it was a crime, laws were put into place to punish those who attempted to take their own life or who helped others to do so. Nowadays in the US there is separation of church and state where religion isnt supposed to influence laws. Without considering the religious aspect, is assisted suicide ethical? Keywords: Assisted suicide, physician-assisted suicide, ethics, utilitarianism, Kantianism, euthanasia, right to life, death with dignity, self-murder The Ethics of Physician-Assisted Suicide What constitutes as murder? According to Matthew Lu, there are three different criteria that need to be met in order for the action of taking another human beingrs life to be considered murder; (1) it must be an intentional act, (2) the victim must be a person, and (3) the victim be morally innocent (Lu, 2017). If all three of these points must be met for the death of a human to be considered murder then would suicide be considered murder as well? First, one can assume that it is an intentional act with no outside factors influencing or coercing the individual; second, the victim is a person; and third, he or she is morally innocent, as in they are not being punished for committing a crime or killed while causing harm to another individual. Suicide fits all three criteria and therefore can be considered a form of murder based on this definition along with all other types of assisted suicides as well. Since murder is never acceptable, then according to that logic, suicide and all othe r forms of it are technically ethically wrong as well. Part 1) Arguments for euthanasia/PAS Euthanasia is the practice of painlessly killing a patient with the intention of ending pain and suffering, usually from a terminal illness or when their quality of life has declined more than they can endure. The word comes from the Greek eu- good or well and Thanatos- death to mean a good or easy death (Euthanasia, n.d.) and it can be either a passive or an active deed. Passive euthanasia is where a patient is purposfully not given medication or treatment that could potentially prolong their life and they pass away when it is naturally their time to go, where as active euthanasia is the intentional act ending oners life and is usually aided by a medical professional which gave rise to the term physician-assisted suicide or PAS. Although the terms are often used interchangeably, there is a slight difference between the two; euthanasia is where a second party is the one to administer the cause of death while in physician-assisted suicide the second party only gives the patient the me ans to end their life, but they dont actively do the killing themselves. The passive form of euthanasia is mostly accepted by the public and is even protected by American law when the U.S. Supreme Court ruled in 1990 that competent adults have the right to refuse medical treatment while active euthanasia has no federal regulation and is left to each individual state to determine whether or not it should be allowed (Ardelt, n.d.). In 1997, Oregon was the first U.S. state to permit active euthanasia with the Death with Dignity Act which allowed a physician to prescribe a lethal dose of medication to a patient who would self-administer it with the intention of ending their life. The proposal of the act was met with heavy pushback at the time but it prevailed with a majority vote and was enacted into state law Real examples. (Oregon death with dignity) Avoidance of pain. Utilitarian arguments. Doesnt the person who is actually suffering have the greatest say in whatrs best for their situation? Should competent terminal patients be given the right to assisted suicide in order to end their suffering, reduce the damaging financial effects of hospital care on their families, and preserve the individual right of people to determine their own fate. Autonomy or my life. arguments. Part 2) Arguments against euthanasia/PAS Give real life examples. Slippery-slope) Netherland now allows patients diagnosed with dementia to commit physician assisted suicide before they begin showing symptoms. Because of the nature of the disease the victims will lose cognitive capabilities before the physical pain sets in. Can we justify killing for the sake of future pain? In any given lifetime pain is to be expected. Would it not be allowed then for all lives to be cut short before they can experience pain? What if the physician is against it? Would it be required of all doctors that they would be forced to participate if itrs the patientrs wish? Would there be a specialist whors not against it who comes and performs it? Doctors take the Hippocratic Oath and vow But it may also be within my power to take a life, this awesome responsibility must be faced with great humbleness and awareness of my own frailty. Above all, I must not play God, Does this violate that? Where is the line that separates relief from dying and killing? Since suicide is done to one-self it seems like it must be intentional, but can a person with severe mental illness make that decision for themselves? Punishment for murder can be avoided by the plea not guilty for reason of insanity (NGRI). If a patient has a severe mental disability, can they be held accountable for taking their own life? Although utilitarian arguments could be made for pro side. Murder is wrong from a Utilitarian view point. Could you justify someone elsers death to avoid pain? Murder is wrong from a Kantianism view point. Autonomy gives us the right not to be coerced. It does not give you the right to life or the right to take life. Again, passive vs. active Suicide is self-murder, murder is wrong, ergo suicide is wrong according to ethics Conclusion Reflect on thesis. And wrap-up the point. Express understanding and sympathy. Emotions do not determine ethics. Finish with Kantian reasoning.

Thursday, May 28, 2020

Reading List for Med School Applicants

What are you reading? While this may be a hectic time  for you with academic deadlines and national holidays, if you have some free time, I recommend checking out the books recommended below.   They may give you more insight on the various branches of the medical profession and keep you motivated during application season when tensions are running high. I recommend reading, in alphabetical order by the authors’ last names: Mindset: The New Psychology of Success, by Carol Dweck:   Carol Dweck is a psychology professor at Stanford University. She shares the most interesting aspects of her research in the field of developmental psychology.   Based on her framework there are two main types of mindsets—fixed or growth. Though you may assume that you fall under the category of the latter, you may be surprised after taking her checklist. This book will help you hone your skills in all aspects of your life by taking a fresh look at your own self limiting belief and habits.    Moonwalking with Einstein, by Joshua Foer:   I was skeptical about this book before I started reading it but it far exceeded any expectations I had about it.   If you’re looking to improve your memory, this book details the methods used by international memory championship finalists.   It provides enormous insight on how our memories function and how to maximize their full potential.   I took away several helpful techniques! Dr. Fulford’s Touch of Life: The Healing Power of the Natural Life Force, by Dr. Robert Fulford:  This book is an excellent introduction to the field of osteopathic medicine. It was written by Dr. Robert Fulford towards the end of his life, after a long and successful career.   If you are on the fence about applying to osteopathic medical schools, this book just may convince you of the value and unique approach offered through alternative healing modalities, like osteopathy.   It provides a succinct history of osteopathy and introduces you to some of the manipulations used regularly in patient care.   It’s entertaining and educational. Mountains Beyond Mountains, by Tracy Kidder:  This nonfiction book was written by a journalist, Tracy Kidder, about the public health work of Dr. Paul Farmer.   He created the nonprofit organization called, Partners in Health.   The book covers Dr. Farmer’s life story and his impressive accomplishments in improving global health, beginning with his work in Haiti.   It is inspiring to see how one person can create so much positive change for communities globally with a focus on public health. Cutting for Stone, by Abraham Verghese:  The author of this book is a professor of medicine at Stanford School of Medicine.   Even though it’s a fictional novel, it’s a riveting read for anyone interested in learning more about allopathic medicine.   Verghese is known for his particular approach to teaching bedside manner.   This book will give you a glimpse into his unique perspective. I hope that you will consider reading at least one of these books!   You are welcome to post your review of the book in the comments section of this blog.   I would love to know what you think of any of the books recommended.   Or you are welcome to recommend a book!       Alicia McNease Nimonkar is an Accepted advisor and editor specializing in healthcare admissions. Prior to joining Accepted, Alicia worked for five years as Student Advisor at UC Davis’ postbac program where she both evaluated applications and advised students applying successfully to med school and related programs. Related Resources: †¢ Navigate the Med School Maze  [free guide] †¢Ã‚  Must-Read Books for Pre-Meds †¢Ã‚  Advice From A Med School Admissions Director

Tuesday, May 19, 2020

The Story of an Hour by Kate Chopin Essay - 530 Words

Interpatation What Does It Really Mean? â€Å"The Story of an hour† a complex piece of literature by Kate Chopin, has various interpretations to it. This story has, one definite interpretation, which is the following: life has to go on no matter what is happened in the past. In this story, Chopin implies Ms. Mallard’s husband has been very cruel to her in her lifetime. However, she never lets her husband get in the way, finally he dies, and, she thinks she is free although she really is not. To prove that Chopin implies Ms. Mallard’s husband was cruel to her. Chopin states, â€Å"When she abandoned herself a little whispered word escaped her slightly parted lips. She said it over and over under her breath: free, free, free!†Ã¢â‚¬ ¦show more content†¦So now, she is ready to live life the way she wanted to in the first place. Unlike other wives who were still crying, she knew life must go on so she was over the fact that her husband was dead. For her it was better, he is dead because she was going on about being free, free, free. To support what Chopin is trying to say here is a description of what Ms. Mallard is feeling like at the time of her husbands death: â€Å"They stayed keen and bright. Her pulses beat fast, and the coursing blood warmed and relaxed every inch of her body† (para, 11). Now if your significant other passed away would your body be relaxed? In this case, it seems like she is feeling a feeling she has never felt before, very relaxed and calm. In addition, al though out the story Ms. Mallard is caught stating â€Å"Free Body and soul free!†(para, 16). This only shows that Ms. Mallard’s is more satisfied that her husband has died, than she is upset. The end to this story enhances Chopin’s explanation because once she finds out that her husband is not dead it puts her in so big of a shock that she dies herself. The story gives a reason for her death which said, â€Å"When the doctors came they said she had died of heart disease – of joy that kills†( para, 23). This means she knew that she was going to loose all the freedom she dreamt about as her husband strutted in through the doors, so she passed away. However,Show MoreRelatedThe Story Of An Hour By Kate Chopin1241 Words   |  5 Pagesâ€Å"The Story of an Hour† by Kate Chopin is a wonderful short story bursting with many peculiar twists and turns. Written in 1894, the author tells a tale of a woman who learns of her husband’s death, but comes to find pleasure in it. Many of the elements Kate Chopin writes about in this story symbolize something more than just the surface meaning. Through this short story, told in less than one thousand one hundred words, Kate Chopin illustrates a deeper meaning of Mrs. Mallard’s marriage with herRead MoreThe Story Of An Hour By Kate Chopin855 Words   |  4 PagesThe Story of an Hour In the â€Å"Story of an Hour† by Kate Chopin, is about pleasure of freedom and the oppression of marriage. Just like in Kate Chopin’s story, inside most marriages, even the ones that seem to be the happiest, one can be oppressed. Even though, one might seem to be happy deep inside they miss the pleasure of freedom and living life to the fullest. Just like, in this story Mrs. Mallard feels trapped and when she hears about her husband’s death she first feels distraught, but ultimatelyRead MoreThe Story Of An Hour By Kate Chopin1457 Words   |  6 PagesEmotions and Death Everyone who reads a story will interpret things slightly different than the person who reads it before or after him or her. This idea plays out with most every story, book, song, and movie. These interpretations create conflict and allow people to discuss different ideas and opinions. Without this conflict of thought there is no one devoting time to debate the true meaning of a text. Kate Chopin’s â€Å"The Story of an Hour† tells about a woman who is informed of her husbands deathRead MoreThe Story Of An Hour By Kate Chopin987 Words   |  4 PagesIn Kate Chopin’s short story, â€Å"The Story of an Hour† reader’s see a potentially long story put into a few pages filled with rising action, climax and even death. In the beginning of the story, character Louise Mallard, who has a heart condition, is told of the death of her husband by her sister and one of her husband’s friends. Afterwards Mrs. Mallard is filled with emptiness and then joy of freedom. This joy of freedom is actually what consequently leads to her death in the end when she discoversRead MoreThe Story Of An Hour By Kate Chopin1061 Words   |  5 PagesThroughout the short story, â€Å"The Story of an Hour†, readers are introduced to characters whose lives change drastically in the course of this writing. Through Kate Chopin’s story we can identify many different themes and examples of symbolism in her writing. Chopin’s choice of themes in this writing are no surprise due to the time frame of which this story was written. Chopin often wrote stories with of women’s rights, and is noted as one of America’s first open feminists. As this story of an ill, helplessRead MoreThe Story Of An Hour By Kate Chopin972 Words   |  4 Pagesâ€Å"The Story of an Hour† by Kate Chopin expresses Ms. Mallard’s feelings towards her husband’s death in an appalling train accident. Due to her bad heart, her sister Josep hine had to be the bearer of bad news and approach his death gently to her. According to the quote, â€Å" But now there was a dull stare in her eyes, whose gaze was fixed away off yonder on one of those patches of blue sky. It was not a glance of reflection, but rather indicated a suspension of intelligent thought†, it lets us know thatRead MoreThe Story Of An Hour By Kate Chopin998 Words   |  4 Pagesâ€Å"The story of an hour† by Kate Chopin was a story that was ironical yet profoundly deep. As a student I have been asked to read â€Å"a story of an hour† many times, and every time I’m surprised by how I enjoy it. People can read thousands of stories in their life times and only a handful will every stand out to them, stories that can draw out an emotion or spark a thought are the ones that will standout more. For me and â€Å"a story of an hour† the thought of freedom is what draws me the most as a teenageRead MoreThe Story Of An Hour By Kat e Chopin1542 Words   |  7 PagesIn the short story, â€Å"Story of an Hour†, Kate Chopin writes about a woman with heart trouble, Mrs. Mallard, who, in finding out about the death of her husband, Mr. Mallard, experiences some initial feelings of sadness which quickly transition into the exhilarating discovery of the idea of a newfound freedom lying in front of her. When it is later revealed that her husband is not actually dead, she realizes she will not get to taste that freedom. The devastation kills her. What Mrs. Mallard goes throughRead MoreThe Story of an Hour by Kate Chopin596 Words   |  2 PagesIn â€Å"The Story of an Hour,† Kate Chopin focuses on the idea of freedom throughout the story. Mrs. Mallard is a lonely wife who suffers from heart trouble. She is told by her sister Josephine and her husband’s friend Richards that her husband has passed away in a train accident. She locks herself in a room expecting to be devastated, but instead feels freedom. Later, she exits her room and her husband walks through the door, causing her to die of a heart attack. Chopin uses this story to demonstrateRead MoreThe Story Of An Hour By Kate Chopin886 Words   |  4 Pages In Kate Chopin â€Å"The Story of an Hour†, the reader is presented with the theme of prohibited independence. In Kate Chopin â€Å"The Storm†, the scenery in this story builds the perfect atmosphere for an adulterous affair. The importance of these stories is to understand the era they occurred. Kate Chopin wrote stories with exceptional openness about sexual desires. In â€Å"The Storm†, a short story written by Kate Chopin in a time when women were expected to act a certain way and sexual cravings was considered

Saturday, May 16, 2020

The Sherman Act Of 1890 - 1512 Words

A Sherman Act of 1890 The Sherman Act of 1890 as referenced in McConnell and Campbell (2011), consists of two main regulations; †¢ Section 1 â€Å"Every contract, combination in the form of a trust or otherwise, or conspiracy, in restraint of trade or commerce among the several States, or with foreign nations is declared to be illegal.† †¢ Section 2 â€Å"Every person who shall monopolize, or attempt to monopolize, or combine or conspire with any person or persons, to monopolize any part of the trade or commerce among the several states, or with foreign nations, shall be deemed guilty of a felony† (as later amended from â€Å"misdemeanor†). (p.375) The historical context of the Sherman Act lies in the corporate climate of the United States during the time period preceding the creation of these antitrust laws. At that time the market was dominated by several monopolies in industries such as railroads, tobacco production, meatpacking and coal mining. The US Government determined the monopolies did not provide enough fair competition in those industries to provide protection of consumers. The Sherman Act of 1890 created the legislation to declare the existing monopolies illegal and made violation of the Act a felony, essentially deeming the existing monopolies in violation of the law. These two regulations made common practices such as price fixing and market divisions illegal. The Sherman Act would open the doors for individuals and government agencies such as the U.SShow MoreRelatedThe Sherman Anti Trust Act Of 1890 Essay1278 Words   |  6 PagesAnti-Trust The Sherman Anti-Trust Act of 1890 was passed to prohibit trusts, this was the first law passed by U.S. Congress to enforce this. This act was named after Senator John Sherman. Before this act was put into place, many other states had enforced laws very similar to the Sherman Anti-Trust Act. These laws were not perfect though, the large corporations had the majority of the economic power. Congress was not pleased with this, thus making the Sherman Anti-Trust Act. This act allowed CongressRead MoreAnalysis Of The Sherman Anti Trust Act Of 18901682 Words   |  7 Pagesprices of their products. This is classified as a horizontal agreement because it involves competitors. They do this in order to manipulate prices to gain an unfair advantage. The government has a law in place for this issue called the Sherman Anti-Trust Act of 1890. This law requires each company to set its prices and other terms on its own. Generally, the consumer expects the price of a product to be determin ed by the current supply and demand. This is not the case with price fixing, as competitorsRead MoreAntitrust Laws And The Federal Branch Of The United States Government1128 Words   |  5 Pagesantitrust laws, the Sherman Antitrust Law, the Clayton Act, and the Federal Trade Commission Act. Each of these acts will be explored, and there effect on the business environment will be examined. The Sherman Antitrust Act was enacted by congress in 1890 with overwhelming support; in fact it only received one vote in opposition. The support was largely due to intense public opposition to the amount of power that large corporations had accumulated in the two decades prior to the acts enactment. ItsRead MoreA Comparison of Two Monopolists in a Competitive Market Essay977 Words   |  4 Pagesprices clearly illustrate the inefficiency of a monopoly and the harm it may cause to the economy. The Sherman Anti-Trust Act of 1890 In order to prevent a handful of monopolies and trusts (another form of monopolization) from controlling the economy, Congress passed the Sherman Anti-Trust Act of 1890. Signed into law by President Benjamin Harrison on July 2, 1890, the law consists of two sections. Section 1 primarily prohibits any contract or action whose aim is an Read MoreMarket Competition1030 Words   |  5 Pagesthere is the Sherman Act of 1890 outlawed restraints on trade and monopolization. (McConnell Brue, 2008, p 375) Due to the controversy over the interpretation of the Sherman Act of 1890, the Clayton Act of 1914 was introduced. This piece of legislation was an elaboration of the Sherman Act of 1890 that strengthened this act as well as outlawing price discrimination, prohibited tying contracts, and prohibited interlocking directorates. (McConnell Brue, 2008, p 376) This Act was intended toRead MoreThe Copyright Of The Sherman Antitrust Act1662 Words   |  7 PagesWith these arguments going on, discussions of the Sherman Antitrust Act in many legal cases, have been whether or not this law is beneficial to our economy and population, or harmful. People have gathered on both sides of this debate looking for the truth behind the effect of the Sherman Antitrust act. To learn how the Sherman Antitrust Act works we must look bac k to when and why it was created. In the past, and even now, the Sherman Antitrust Act has been and is being misunderstood, but if weRead MoreNative American Removal Act ( Indian Removal )983 Words   |  4 PagesMontana, Washington, and California (Youngs). On May 28, 1830, the Indian Removal Act was passed. It stated that the Native American were to be removed from the Southern states (Indian Removal Act). The act ended the Native American’s right to live in the states under their own traditional laws (Indian Removal Act). They were given the options to assimilate and acknowledge the United States’ laws or leave (Indian Removal Act). They were forced to leave their land, their homes, everything they ever knewRead MoreThe Progressive Era ( 1900-1919 )1544 Words   |  7 PagesGilded Age (1877-1900). One of the best examples of this was shown in the correlation between the Clayton Anti-Trust Act and Sherman Anti-Trust Act. The Sherman Anti-Trust Act was established in 1890, with the purpose of combatting oppressive monopolies and big businesses. The federal law prohibited the signing of any trust, lease, or contact in the limits of foreign trade. The act also states that. â€Å"Every person who shall monopolize, or attem pt to monopolize, or combine or conspire with any otherRead MoreEssay about Sherman Anti-Trust Act (Constitutional Law)792 Words   |  4 PagesTo: Reader From: Re: Sherman Antitrust Act Facts John Davison Rockefeller was the founder of Standard Oil Company in 1870 and ran it until he retired in 1897. Standard Oil gained almost complete control over the oil refining market in the United States by underselling its competitors. Rockefeller and his associates owned dozens of corporations operating in just one state. The Sherman Antitrust Act was enacted on July 2nd, 1890 which prohibits activities that restrict interstate commerce

Wednesday, May 6, 2020

Essay on Franz Kafkas Metamorphosis - 2588 Words

THE METAMORPHOSIS In the opening lines of German author Franz Kafkas’ short story narrative â€Å"The Metamorphosis†, the protagonist Gregor Samsa a disgruntled traveling salesman who lives with and supports his parents and little sister, awakens from a night of unpleasant dreams to find that he has been metamorphosed into a cockroach he calls a â€Å"monstrous vermin† (Kafka, page 89). This particularly strange opening sets the stage for in my opinion, a very strange and very vague play. I say this because throughout the whole story we never find out much less are given any clue of how or why he managed to be metamorphosed into this insect. Not to mention what the moral of the story is or the fact that this whole book reads like one big†¦show more content†¦However Gregor fails to realize that the metamorphic change into a cockroach has not only affected his appearance but it has changed his speech pattern as well. He not only looks like a cockroach but his voice which s ounds normal to him translates to others in the sound of a cockroach. Upon hearing this insect like sound and seeing Gregor as he now is the chief clerk leaves the Sama’s residence never to return taking not only Gregor’s job with him but all hopes of Gregor ever repaying the family debt. Gregor is then chased into his room by his dad and forced to basically spend most of his time there until his time was up. During the time that Gregor was forced to live out the remainder of his existence in his now prison like room, many family matters occur. For one his younger sister whom he is used to taking care of now trades places with him as far as roles in responsibility go. She now after years of good loving and nurturing feels obligated to repay Gregor for all his years of dedication. Since Gregor in his current metamorphosed state cannot do his every day activities, she sees to it that he is feed and his room is kept clean though she personally finds it hard to look at him for undisclosed reasons. While she is doing this it is interesting to see how much utter disgust and loath his father looks at him with, and not for just physical reasons either. This after years ofShow MoreRelatedFranz Kafkas The Metamorphosis640 Words   |  2 PagesKafka’s The Metamorphosis, is the story of Gregor Samsa, a traveling salesman who is responsible for the financial well-being of his entire family, ye t experiences an unfortunate metamorphosis into a giant bug. However, while Gregor undergoes a disturbing physical transformation, the family dynamic changes drastically as well. The family’s treatment of Gregor slowly deteriorates from them regarding him as the basis for their financial success and security to regarding him as no more than an extraordinaryRead MoreFranz Kafkas The Metamorphosis Essay1105 Words   |  5 Pagesshort story, The Metamorphosis, by Franz Kafka. My purpose is to explain to my classmates the short story’s goal what Kafka wanted to transmit to people. I want to expand more why this short story is considered one of the best poetic imagination works. In my research I expect to use Kafka’s work, The Metamorphosis as my primary source. Important other sources include essay critiques from different editors, which will help us to understand much more what Franz wanted to expressRead MoreFranz Kafkas Metamorphosis Essay1132 Words   |  5 Pagesto me? he thought.†(Kafka, 495) This quote is from the narrator in Kafka’s tale; The Metamorphosis, when Gregor Samsa wakes up and finds himself turned into a giant insect, and it was apparently not a dream. Gregor was a traveling salesman, he hated his job, but he was forced to stay in that business in order to pay his father’s debts to his boss, and maintain a comfortable lifestyle to his family. Kafka presents the metamorphosis event in an interesting way, when it seemed that Gregor was not shockedRead More Franz Kafkas Metamorphosis Essay779 Words   |  4 PagesFranz Kafkas Metamorphosis The play metamorphosis was written by Franz Kafka but Steven Berkoff produced a theatre adaptation of Metamorphosis in the late 1960’s. Kafka was born 1883, his childhood was most troubling and life hard, as he was a Jew growing up in German culture, also being ignored and alienated is why Kafka could relate to the character Gregor. Kafka had a hard relationship with his Father who would mistreat him and often tell Kafka he was a failure and a disappointmentRead MoreA Summary of Franz Kafkas Metamorphosis1244 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿ Metamorphosis Franz Kafkas Metamorphosis is a chilling story of a man named Gregor, who wakes one morning to find himself transformed into a giant insect. As expected, his family is shocked, but tries to adjust to the situation. However, over time his family comes to reject him and sees his continued existence as a burden. Wishing him dead, his family gets their wish when Gregor finally dies and his loss is then seen as a blessing. Although the author meant this tale to be symbolic of theRead MoreLiterary Structure of Franz Kafkas Metamorphosis724 Words   |  3 PagesAn Analysis of the Structure of The Metamorphosis The structure of Franz Kafkas Metamorphosis establishes it as a kind of inverted, adult fairy-tale, in which regression (rather than progression) of forms occurs, good goes unrewarded and unappreciated, and evil triumphs. The story, of course, is satirical in concept, but the satire is felt chiefly because of the way in which the story stands the concept of the fairy-tale on its head. Gregor, who in a childs story, might progress from bugRead MoreFranz Kafkas Novella, The Metamorphosis Essay1199 Words   |  5 PagesOne of the saddest aspects of Franz Kafkas novella, The Metamorphosis, concerns the fact that young Gregor Samsa genuinely cares about this family, working hard to support them, even though they do little for themselves. On the surface, Kafkas 1916 novella, seems to be just a tale of Gregor morphing into a cockroach, but, a closer reading with Marx and Engels economic theories in mind, reveals an imposing metaphor that gives the improbable story a great deal of relevan ce to the structure of Read MoreIsolation In Franz Kafkas Metamorphosis1145 Words   |  5 Pageswho chose to be away from their problems in the world. Everyone in the Samsa family has their own reasons of why they chose to be isolated from society. Due to these choices, the entire Samsa family also undergo transformations. The book, Metamorphosis by Franz Kafka , reveals how isolation in the Samsa family really plays apart as to who they are and what they represent in society.   Ã‚   The entire Samsa family portrays their isolation in unique ways. Beginning with Grete, Gregor’s little sister. GreteRead MoreStandards in Franz Kafkas The Metamorphosis Essay803 Words   |  4 PagesIn Franz Kafka’s story The Metamorphosis, Gregor Samsa falls victim, to some strange affliction which somehow turns him into a colossal insect of some sort. His bizarre and tragic story takes place in a European apartment in the early twentieth century; a time in which much stock was placed in both etiquette and the appearance of propriety. These standards found throughout the society in which he is placed leads to his ultimate downfall. When Gregor wakes up in his bed to find he has become anRead MoreEssay on Franz Kafkas Metamorphosis604 Words   |  3 Pages In the Metamorphosis, Franz Kafka transforms the main character, Gregor Samsa, into a bug. Kafka chose the bug for several reasons. The bug is a symbol for the life that Gregor has. His life is full of loneliness and emptiness. Furthermore, Kafka wrote this book shortly after the Industrial Revolution. There is a connection between the bug-form of Samsa and the transformation of workers into machines. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Gregor Samsa is a traveling salesman who brings in most of the income

Essay on Its Time to Legalize Illegal Immigrants

Its Time to Legalize Illegal Immigrants Look at the world around you. Is it anything like it was 100 years ago? How about anything like it was 10 years ago? The world is changing at an alarming place. When this country was first founded, land west of the Mississippi was considered uncharted territory. It was seen as a whole new world. Nowadays, there is not a place on the planet that we haven’t been to. There are places on other planets that we have been to. The world has shrunk due to technological advancement. The world is globalizing. Some call it progress. They say that we are growing as a society and that change in inherently good. However, one must look at the nature in which we change. Is the world really becoming a†¦show more content†¦Often times the very workers that make globalization possible are the ones being mistreated and are being adversely affected by it. Steps must be taken to fix the moral oversight of globalization. Specifically I would like to look at the use of illegal immigrants to reduce the wages of workers. I want to look at the use of unfair competition to put the workers, farm workers in particular, in a very disadvantaged position. Steps can be taken to make the situation more just for all parties, but it may take a change in Mexican-American border policy. The idea of globalization causing suffering is not a new idea. In fact, it is accepted throughout the world. This is because people try to justify it. The common argument is that this is the natural process for growth in countries. Europe went through period of hardships during the Industrial Revolution, as did the United States. So when other countries show similar signs, it is seen as a good thing. People say that the county is developing and in time they will be a powerful country like America or Britain. A nation can only grow if it goes through certain stages, and those stages are inevitable, so we shouldn’t worry about them. I don’t know about you, but I see some pretty big logical holes in this theory. There are two major problems I see with this train ofShow MoreRelatedIllegal Immigrants : A Controversial And Key Immigration Issue1225 Words   |  5 PagesThe Illegal immigrant population in the United States is a controversial and key immigration issue. Our Author John Savant (2009) talks about illegal immigrants in his article â€Å"Imaging the Immigrant: Why legality must give way to humanity†. He is a professor of English at Dominican University of California. Illegal immigrants immigrate in search of a better life. On the other side author Lamar Smith (2014) talks about legalization of illegal immigrant in his article â€Å" Should illegal immigrants beRead MoreLiving With And Around Immigrant Community1684 Words   |  7 PagesLiving with and around immigrant community gives me personal experience of how legal and illegal immigrant families lives in United States. I have heard and experienced so many incidents of immigrant families that makes me question equality of immigration system of United States. Six year ago friend of mine came to United States at the age of 12. After finishing school and college he wasn’t able to find the job he was looking for and within certain period of time if he doesn’t settle in United StatesRead MoreThe Immigration Act of 1917654 Words   |  3 PagesAn immigrant in terms mean a subject of legal and political subject far from gaining the citizenship and rights. The influx of exclusive classes constituting immigrants admission into the nations was a biggest concern with the idea that the national body should be protected from contaminants of social degeneracy. The idea of deportation played central role in immigration policy. According to the critics, deportation is unjust in the case of separating families. Ironically appeal to prevent familyRead MoreShould Marijuana Be Legalized?1581 Words   |  7 Pageswith pain, and treatment. Despite what other people might believe about cannabis, this drug is benefiting others more than it is hurting them and the legalization of it is on the rise. Knowing how much cannabis truly does help patients with illnesses, it’s almost foolish to wait any longer for the legalization. Despite what people might believe about marijuana now, cannabis has not always been frowned upon and banned, in fact when it first got discovered it was looked at in a completely different lightRead MoreThe Poverty Of The United States1204 Words   |  5 PagesMaria V. Solis Sociology Henslin (2014) said â€Å"Richard Rodriguez represents millions of immigrants – not just those of Latino origin but those from other cultures, too-who want to integrate into U.S culture yet not betray their past. Fearing loss of their roots, they are caught between two cultures, each beckoning, each offering rich rewards† There are many reasons of why people migrate to the United States. One of them is the poverty of the country that they live in. People who have children andRead MoreThe Legalization of Medical Marijuana Essay520 Words   |  3 Pagesbut more commonly known as Marijuana has been getting a lot of publicity because of the legalization of the plant in Oregon and Colorado for recreational use, yet its not legal for medical use in Ohio. Ohio is considered to be the next big state to legalize marijuana for medical use this november and could be a key state for legalization across the nation. Background The oldest recorded date for the plant was in 2727 B.C. by the Chinese Emperor Shen Nung. During the 17th century, The American governmentRead MoreImmigration Reform During The United States1120 Words   |  5 PagesImmigration Reform and Control Act, (IRCA) would legalize the thousands of illegal immigrants, by specifically focusing on the 83,000 unauthorized immigrants in Ohio, then looking broader at the United States entire immigrant population and the economic impact of three proposed ways of handling our immigration problem. In Ohio alone 83,000 people reside as illegals and approximately 50,000 have lived in the US over five years. As illegal immigrants, their options for jobs are severely limited becauseRead MoreLegalizing Undocumented Immigrants : America1692 Words   |  7 PagesLegalizing Undocumented Immigrants America, the land of possibilities and greatest nation in the world. It is said to be the â€Å"land of the free† where people have the freedom to live without fearing a corrupt government, to practice any desired religion and express themselves in the way they seem most fit. America is that and much more. For many, it’s a place where dreams can become a reality, making the statement â€Å"the American dream† the most desired goal of those living in other parts of the worldRead MorePersuasive Essay On Illegal Immigration1860 Words   |  8 PagesIllegal Immigration has always been a problem in the US. The US is known as the mecca of the world, people come here for better life and opportunity. Even though we are advertised as the place to come to for a chance on a better your life, not all immigrants are legal in the US. Obtaining a visa is a long and hard process, and some people just dont have time to wait, so they take the risk of illegally entering the countr y. Getting caught could get you deported, but there are so many immigrants inRead MoreThe Right Action1617 Words   |  7 Pages The Right Action Every year thousands of undocumented students don’t attend college because the tuition is too expensive. Many of these students have lived their whole lives in the U.S, but we still consider them illegal immigrants who have the right to go to college but decide not to because they can’t afford to. Most of these students have the intelligence to go to college, they have regular classes, and some are even in high-level classes. They have the potential to

Postwar Effects on Women Essay Example For Students

Postwar Effects on Women Essay The feminine mystique that American culture promotes is entirely dependent upon its ideas, beliefs, and needs of the time. American culture has always tended to influence women into doing what the day and age required. After men went to war there was a gap in the work force that needed to be filled. During World War II women were the most available to join the work force. Due to the discouragement to raise families during the Great Depression and the fact that most men of age had entered the war, many women were left without families to look after and men to take to take care of them. Most women toiled at unskilled jobs; most were young, single, and without children (307). This lack of family and funds left women with no other place to go besides the factories. Womens need for work was nursed along by the media as well as the public.A rapidly expanding war economy absorbed most of the reserve labor force, (307) yet it still was not enough, the economy demanded a larger work force. This demand worked in cooperation with the availability of the women of the time. Commando Mary and Rosie the Riveter became symbols of women who heeded their countrys call (307). There were many enticements luring women to join the work force. These enticements included higher war wages, more available time and opportunity to work, and wartime restrictions on leisure activities.Despite the general expectation that women would return to their home after the war, female laborers did not simply drop their wrenches and pick up frying pans (310). After the war many women continued to work outside the home primarily to help support their families. After the war 28% of the labor force was female compared to the 24% prior to the war. When the war was over nearly one million women were laid off and another 2.25 million voluntarily left. These female losses in the work force were offset by the gain of 2.75 million women into the work force. When women who had been laid off managed to return to work, they often lost their seniority and had to accept reduced pay in lower job categories (310). Due to the severe segregation by gender, the postwar economic life for women was appalling. Postwar American life became organized around marriage and family. As men came back from the war they merged with the peacetime economy, taking jobs away from women and sending them back to the home. With the demise of Mary and Rosie came new role models whose ideas and beliefs were focused around the home and not the workplace. This was due to the fact that during the war many writers were female and supported involvement in the labor force and after the war many of these womens jobs were taken by men with the desire of a cozy domestic life (312). Almost overnight, television became the preeminent mass medium, carrying imagingfeminine or otherwise-of American culture into the home (313). Television shows displayed the personification of what a husband thought a wife should be. An example of this was the show Ozzie and Harriet which showed a warm-hearted, attractive, submissive woman who was only competent within the confines of her own home. Children who grew up seeing this behavior in their own home as well as on television tended to use that lifestyle as a model. Without any external reinforcement, and only by repetition the children learned that men and women had different roles in society. It was this learned behavior which carried the new feminine mystique from generation to generation.As many have said before history repeats itself with WWII as well as WWI, the return of peace meant that women faced layoffs, renewed wage discrimination, and segregation into female-only jobs (307). The media of the 50s and 60s continued to portray women as housewives and mothers. .ua625e9ad6d7fe656196d2a9b905b6351 , .ua625e9ad6d7fe656196d2a9b905b6351 .postImageUrl , .ua625e9ad6d7fe656196d2a9b905b6351 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ua625e9ad6d7fe656196d2a9b905b6351 , .ua625e9ad6d7fe656196d2a9b905b6351:hover , .ua625e9ad6d7fe656196d2a9b905b6351:visited , .ua625e9ad6d7fe656196d2a9b905b6351:active { border:0!important; } .ua625e9ad6d7fe656196d2a9b905b6351 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ua625e9ad6d7fe656196d2a9b905b6351 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ua625e9ad6d7fe656196d2a9b905b6351:active , .ua625e9ad6d7fe656196d2a9b905b6351:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ua625e9ad6d7fe656196d2a9b905b6351 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ua625e9ad6d7fe656196d2a9b905b6351 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ua625e9ad6d7fe656196d2a9b905b6351 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ua625e9ad6d7fe656196d2a9b905b6351 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ua625e9ad6d7fe656196d2a9b905b6351:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ua625e9ad6d7fe656196d2a9b905b6351 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ua625e9ad6d7fe656196d2a9b905b6351 .ua625e9ad6d7fe656196d2a9b905b6351-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ua625e9ad6d7fe656196d2a9b905b6351:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: 802.11b Essay The media has always influenced peoples ideas and values, whether it was a wartime poster of Rosie or a magazine article depicting sweet, submissive housewives, or a TV show with June Cleaver taking care of the boys and her home.

Tuesday, May 5, 2020

Genetic Studies Environmental Microbiology

Question: Discuss about theGenetic Studiesfor Environmental Microbiology. Answer: Introduction Genetics refers to the study of genes referred to as the functional units of heredity, heredity and genetic variations in living organisms. Specifically genetics is concerned with finding out resemblances and differences among related organism that are as a result of environmental and genes interaction. On the other hand marine systems refer to open coastal habitats which are in most cases are unprotected and exposed to wave action, ocean currents and tidal fluctuations. These systems have no vegetation (Fanning and Mcconney, 2011). Genetics studies have been a plied in a wide range of areas. Molecular genetics is a branch of genetics that studies the structure of genes at molecular levels. It is also concerned with the study of the function of genes at this level. The use of molecular tools has significantly helped to provide new information on biodiversity among marine organism. Such studies have also played a role in conservation efforts of the systems by providing crucial information that on the need and importance of having in place conservation strategies for these systems. It has also significantly helped in the identification of species especially because of mutations that make species differ from one another. Through data generated from the study of organisms chromosomes and gene expression, new information has been has been generated on heredity and variations of genes. Genetic studies have also helped in providing knowledge on genetic mutations among marine organisms. The use of microsatellites reveal ed that there has been significant differentiation of marine fishes. Mitochondria DNA system has also enabled detection of variations among some marine fishes. This has been the case because of historical isolation in populations (Moraitou and Kiortsis, 2007). Through the application of genetic studies has generated new data on how marine protected area networks can be effectively designed and evaluated .It has also enabled the use of exclusion tests and percentage analyses for effective management of fisheries. Besides it has also availed crucial information on stock demarcation and re-establishment. All these have been critical for the effective management of marine systems. Additionally, genetic studies have created public awareness on the need of owning unique genetic lineages for the purpose of enabling conservation of these genetic organisms. It has also made known the need for incorporating research on genetics into management policy (Van open Lough, 2009). Data generated from genetics studies besides helping in creating insights on marine systems conservation and management as identified by (Laurent et al, 2014) in their Pacific Ocean research. They also used the data from the research to address a couple of other factors related to marine species such as their distribution patterns, evolution and biodiversity. Their study came up with a conclusion that genetic studies can be used to assess historical conditions through the use of retrospective monitoring method. (Laurent et al, 2014). Distribution is the spatial arrangement of biological taxon .Information on distribution can help in learning about factors that determine the distribution of species by providing knowhow and enabling monitoring of population metrics which have made it possible to understand evolutionary and demographic processes. Marine ecosystems and in particular near shore regions such as estuaries, coral reefs and coastal areas are undergoing crises globally due to changes in environment which puts a lot of physiological stress on the resident organisms. Genomics stands to provide detailed view of physiological diversity and function and mechanistic insight into how organisms respond to the environment. Any environmental change will lead to an adaptive change on the organism (Moraitou Kiortsis, 2007). There are various examples on how genetic studies have provided insight into marine systems. In yeast, DNA micro-array based gene expression pro-filling has revealed a complex series of gene up and down regulation that indicates mechanistic under pining on how cells respond to physiological stress. Data on gene expression can be grouped into groups of gene ontology reflecting the categories of cell functions (Taffi et.al, 2014) A study on marine systems in the analysis of the metagenomic data set from the Global Ocean Survey (GOS) expedition has been of great significance. The PCR approach used in this study revealed the same phylogenetic patterns as those of clone library studies. This is an indication that PCR approach does not impose major biases on the exploration of DNA concerning the environment. There was high protistan diversity in the less than 0.8 m size fraction. Particularly, sequences from radiolarians and ciliates indicate that most of the DNA comes from extra-cellular material from the larger cells. A comparison between the phylogenetic patterns from rDNA and reverse transcribed rRNA18S clone libraries taken from the Mediterranean Sea revealed key differences with taxa like pelagophytes that were detected only in the 18S rRNA. This study indicates differences in marine systems biodiversity. The studies have shaped understanding of the marine microbial food webs as well as eukaryotes evolution (Chauhan Varma, 2009) A study by (Thommen et al, 2015) puts together modeling and molecular experiments for studying how quality of light affects the circadian clock of the phytoplanktonic unicellular green alga Ostreococcus tauri. The circadian clock shows a range of cellular functions in multifarious organisms. Light is a major input for the clock monitoring. Marine organisms may experience changes in light spectrum due to their distance from the surface of the sea. So the study seeks to establish whether a two component signaling system sensing green and blue light through RhodHK and LOVHK respectively synchronizes the TOC1-CCA1 central circadian oscillator on a day or night basis. The results indicate that O.tauri`s clock can be reset by both the blue and green light in independent ways (Thommen et al, 2015). (Taffi et al, 2014) described a computational framework for analyzing how bio remediation affects the ecosystem based on the combination of food web bio-accumulation models and the metabolic models of degrading bacteria. Bio accumulation of polychlorinated Biphenyls(PCBs) in the Adriatic food web and metabolism model of Pseudomonas putida KT2440(iJN746) extended with the microbial aerobic pathways of PCBs degradation was used as a case study. Techniques such as Flux balance analysis and linear inverse Modeling were used in the analysis of ecosystems for evaluation of bio-remediation strategies. This has helped in offering new insights into the multiple level interplay among ecosystems and marine systems (Heine, 2008) Some of the most common stories that result from the use of DNA micro-arrays in marine ecology are on gene expression studies which identify the genes involved in mutual relationships between cnidarians and inter-cellular algar-symbiots.The results of this study indicate the power of genomics (Rodriguez-Lanetty et al.2006). A study conducted recently on the sea anemone Anthopleura elegantissima is a good example of the utility of the genomics approach. The researchers demonstrated that the mechanisms involved in the maintenance of and regulation of the relationship is more complex than it was thought before (Rodriguez-Lanetty et al.2006). DNA micro-array based transcriptome analysis, 28 host genes were shown to be varying in the symbiotic state. This 28 functional group analysis indicated that the results were under scoring that symbiosis had a more global effect on the metabolism of the host instead of revealing a suite of genes unique to the symbiotic state (Rodriguez Lanetty et.al .2006). Genes involved in lipid metabolism changed in a predictable system. This study provided unexpected insight into how apoptosis and cell cycle genes are involved in maintaining the symbiosis by controlling the life of the host cell. This was very new evidence in the cnidarian system (Rodriguez Lanetty et.al.2006). There are various studies that have been conducted to access the interaction between the host invertebrate and the algal symbiont (National Research council (U.S.), United States. ,1970).Given the recent findings concerning changes in the strain of Symbiodinium that correlated with the environment conditions, there is also evidence that the flexibility of the host symbiont combination can be subject to regulations of the environmental conditions. This research work will eventually help in shaping up the marine systems. Marine genetic studies show significant differentiation in terms of genes among populations living in different oceans and different parts of the oceans (Taffi et.al, 2014) Quantifying compositions and configurations of landscapes helps in the discovery of temporal and environmental factors associated with local adaptation and different demographic histories. Correlations between geographic features and allele frequencies of specific loci can reveal candidate adaptive loci. Spatial variations between landscapes variables and genome variations can also alter the overall structuring of genetic variation (Olsson, 2007). Many populations genomic studies includes the goals of loci examination under variable selection as well as the marine context offers various advantages for empirical investigations on how selection operates in natural populations. This aspect is common with coastlines with diverse environmental factors such as intertidal zonations, embayment and freshwater outflows. Landscape genetic and genomics researches have gone on for some time now. However, uptake of spatially explicit seascape information for genetic studies has been particularly unimpressive. The considerations of undertaking seascape genetic research are high because of the reliance on tools from spatial ecology (Olsson, 2007). Conclusion Genetic research in the marine systems sector has helped in understanding the marine life to a very great extent. Genetic studies in marine have helped scientists to identify responses of various marine creatures on stress. The changes in environmental conditions in the sea and oceans have also had a great effect on the marine life and through genetic studies, these effects have been revealed. As a result of this research, all the stakeholders are able to participate in conservation and protection of marine ecosystems. References: Iwai, S., Fujiwara, K. and Tamura, T., 2016. Maintenance of algal endosymbionts in Paramecium bursaria: a simple model based on population dynamics. Environmental microbiology. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26625979 Heine, H. (2008). Innate immunity of plants, animals, and humans. Berlin, Springer. https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/181602383 Dubinsky, Z., Stambler, N. (2010). Coral reefs: an ecosystem in transition. Dordrecht, Springer. https://site.ebrary.com/id/10434916. Chauhan, A. K., Varma, A. (2009). A textbook of molecular biotechnology. New Delhi, I.K. International Pub. House https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/310400941 Fanning, L., Mahon, R., Mcconney, P. (2011). Towards marine ecosystem-based management in the wider Caribbean. https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/840488833 Moraitou-APostolopoulou, M., Kiortsis, V. (2007). Mediterranean marine ecosystems. New York, Plenum Press. https://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/11621127.html. National Research council (U.S.), United States. (1970). Marine ecological research for the Central American interoceanic canal. Washington, D.C., National Academy of Sciences. National Research Council. https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/5714734 Olsson, J. (2007). Genetic research on commercially exploited fish species in Nordic countries. Kbh, Nordisk Ministerra?d.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1365-2648.2007.04209.x/abstract Rodriguez-Lanetty, M., Phillips, W.S. and Weis, V.M., 2006. Transcriptome analysis of a cnidariandinoflagellate mutualism reveals complex modulation of host gene expression. Bmc Genomics, 7(1), p.23. https://bmcgenomics.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1471-2164- Taffi, M., Paoletti, N., Angione, C., Pucciarelli, S., Marini, M. and Li, P., 2014. Bioremediation in marine ecosystems: a computational study combining ecological modeling and flux balance analysis. Frontiers in genetics, 5, p.319. https://journal.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fgene.2014.00319 Thommen, D.S., Schreiner, J., Mller, P., Herzig, P., Roller, A., Belousov, A., Umana, P., Pisa, P., Klein, C., Bacac, M. and Fischer, O.S., 2015. Progression of lung cancer is associated with increased dysfunction of T cells defined by co-expression of multiple inhibitory receptors. Cancer immunology research, pp.canimm-0097. https://cancerimmunolres.aacrjournals.org/content/canimm/early/2015/08/07/2326-6066.CIR-15-0097.full.pdf Van oppen, M. J. H., Lough, J. M. (2009). Coral bleaching: patterns, processes, causes, and consequences. Berlin, Springer. https://www.pnas.org/cgi/content/long/112/8/2307

Friday, April 17, 2020

One Essays - Dune Novels, , Term Papers, Research Papers

One character in the play is Bene*censored* and he is expressed in an interesting way. Bene*censored* is a character that not only deceives other characters in the play, but most of all he deceives himself. Bene*censored*'s deceiving ways derive him to be a hypocritical character; this phenomenon makes his role compellingly intriguing in the play "Much Ado About Nothing". Bene*censored* has a unique view toward love, he wants no part in giving or receiving love. He has a simple way to live, "I will live a bachelor" (Shakespeare I .i.176), he first chooses not to get involved in the love scheme. Bene*censored* has strong hold on that feeling and what's to keep it that way. Encounters with a character known as Beatrice prove this to be true. Everytime these characters see one another arguments are endless, and put downs are fired back and forth. In fact Bene*censored* tells her "...I would I could find in my heart that had not a hard heart, for truly I love none" (I.i.92), his one way view is expressed to confirm his stubborn ways of love. The bickering between these two make it obvious that there is a hidden-love, which has potential. All the while Bene*censored* is making clear that he will not fall to love and nothing will change his view. The deception will come from his view that is extremely well grounded. Another instance where Bene*censored*'s deceiving way are used is later in the play. This time Bene*censored* is the deceived instead of the deceiver. This is where Bene*censored* becomes a hypocrite. Deception still is taking place, just in different ways. Close friends of Bene*censored* known that Bene*censored* is listening to their conversation, and they say how Beatrice and is in love with him and he should go for this. Playing with his mind they say "Shall we go seek Bene*censored*, and tell him of her love?" (III.i.154), they known that Bene*censored* is listening so they don't have to tell him. Bene*censored* starts to believe that this is true and his feelings suddenly change. Thus making him a hypocrite to all those people that he told his original view of love. Bene*censored*'s deceiving ways counter against him in this case. The hidden love between the two is now present. Bene*censored* with the change of view towards love is now ready to do anything for Beatrice. Being once a man that would remain a bachelor forever and now he is at the foot of a women telling her he will do anything because he loves her so much. Bene*censored* is truly a hypocrite. Beatrice asks Bene*censored* to kill another man just because that man didn't marry her friend. Bene*censored* is willing to do it but he doesn't have to do1. Bene*censored* has a definite change of feelings and it is all from his deceiving ways. Bene*censored* becomes a hypocrite by the end of the play, through his deceiving ways. Bene*censored* stresses that he is "anit-love" and doesn't ever what to be one of those guys who falls in love. Bene*censored* just as every man has a reputation to uphold of being strong and needless of affection. In the beginning of the play when Bene*censored* first is introduced., he has these attitude where he is high on himself. We can see this when Bene*censored* has his first chat with Beatrice. Bene*censored* hasThe character Ben*censored* relates a lot to real life, especially in the twenty-century. This kind of thing happens all the time. People change feelings all the time. People also have deceiving ways in the twenty-century, although these ways can be a little more dangerous with people today. The human nature is exactly like what would be in real life.Likewise to Bene*censored* people end up saying something and then totally doing the opposite. It happens to everyone. In conclusion, Bene*censored* used deception for him and used it against him. In conclusion, his deceiving ways lead him to become a hypocrite. He was once the man who would not dare to adventure into love, but now has gone in full force. The significant meaning that is produced here is one that will never be forgotten. Bene*censored* should of probably not have said anything in the first place. He didn't know what was going to happen. The art of deception took over. the deceiving ways of Bene*censored* add up and in the end make him a hypocrite. Bene*censored* is hypocrite because he says one thing and totally goes against it by doing the opposite. He is no longer

Tuesday, April 14, 2020

How to Read Through the Growth Reflection Essay

How to Read Through the Growth Reflection EssayThe Growth Reflection Essay is a type of essay that will involve the use of various types of symbols. In this type of essay, each paragraph or section is entitled with one or more symbols. It is quite similar to the growth reflection method that many teachers' aides used to practice in their classrooms. This essay is said to be quite helpful to parents who are asking about their child's development in order to have a look at the various stages that they go through.One of the things that parents need to keep in mind while reading the Growth Reflection Essay is that the symbols that are used in this type of essay is merely an aid that they can take advantage of. They can make use of the different symbols to look at the things that their child is currently doing. Sometimes, symbols can also be used to show the things that your child is not able to do yet. It is said that these symbols show the progress that your child is making on each stag e. When you read through the Growth Reflection Essay, you can start to feel how the symbols are already helping you understand your child better.One thing that makes the Growth Reflection Essay quite interesting is that the symbols can be very specific. It may also vary from one page to another, which is why you may be confused when reading through it. Therefore, it is quite important for you to keep the lines that it uses straight so that you will have a clear picture of what is being written.When you are looking through the Growth Reflection Essay, the last line that you see at the bottom is what you should pay attention to. It is referred to as the milestone. You will be able to notice that it states that the milestone has been reached on the first line, second line, third line, the fourth line, fifth line, sixth line, seventh line, eighth line, ninth line, tenth line, eleventh line, twelfth line, thirteenth line, fourteenth line, fifteenth line, sixteenth line, seventeenth line, eighteenth line, nineteenth line, twentieth line, and finally, the twenty-first line.Since the milestone is simply a way for you to know what your child has accomplished in terms of the work that he has done, it does not necessarily mean that your child is finished with his work. This is because the milestone is only a reminder of the work that you need to do. If you see that your child has only finished five stages on the Growth Reflection Essay, then you should continue to read the second line.The Growth Reflection Essay is also able to indicate the things that your child has still to do. This is particularly applicable if you are hoping to evaluate how good your child is doing in relation to the other children in his school. You will be able to understand how your child is faring compared to the other students in his class if you keep in mind the milestone that is placed at the last line of the essay.To read the lines at the bottom of the Growth Reflection Essay, you should firs t be sure that you will not miss the milestone. This is because if you do, then you will be able to understand the next lines. Another thing that you should keep in mind is that you should always put the last line on the last line, especially if it indicates a milestone.These are the things that you need to keep in mind while you are looking through the Growth Reflection Essay. If you can keep in mind the milestone at the last line, then you can actually read through the other lines easier. Furthermore, you will be able to understand what your child has been doing so far, and what he still needs to do.

Friday, March 13, 2020

Martin Luther King And Mass Media Essays - Community Organizing

Martin Luther King And Mass Media Essays - Community Organizing Martin Luther King And Mass Media Martin Luther King, Jr. and the Mass Media Martin Luther King Jr. was a very significant and influential man. Though his life was cut short at 39 years old, he left a big mark on today's society. From the Prayer Pilgrimage of May 17, 1957, an event and a date that marked King's entre into the field of national Negro leadership to the unforgettable March on Washington. (Bennett 10) King was determined to reach his goal, which was to have blacks and whiter united and treated equally. King was faced with many obstacles, including the press. At first, there was hardly any print about King's events and protests. When the events did get recognition King's name wasn't mentioned at all. Not until many years later when the protests sparked violence and death was King's name mentioned and even then, it was used in negative way. In this paper, I will discuss how the news magazines Time, Newsweek, and the U.S. News went about distorting, neglecting, and eventually praising King and his events. In order to help understand the Civil Rights Movement and it controversy you have to start at the beginning. On the way home from work as a seamstress Mrs. Rosa Parks boarded a Montgomery City Line bus. When asked to give up her seat for a white passenger Rosa Parks refused. The bus driver left his seat and summoned the police. The police officer arrested Rosa Parks for violating the cities segregation ordinances. ( Bennett 59) Rosa Parks arrest sparked a one-day boycott that stretched out to 382 days. That event started the Civil Rights movement and changed the spirit of Martin Luther Kings, Jr. Time magazine was the first of the newsmagazines to pick up the story of the bus boycott. (Lentz 26) Newsweek didn't print the story until five months after it happened. In addition, not until then did King's name was mentioned by it or Time. Neither King nor the cause grabbed the attention of U.S. News & World Report. What they did report was how disturbed the southerners were over the population shift in Montgomery that seemed to be leading to black control. (Lentz 28 ) With the bus boycott in full swing merchants were loosing millions of dollars and white housewives were having to drive their black maids around, whose services they didn't want to loose. With people, complaining the Montgomery government stepped in. While the court was scheduled to hear the city governments petition to stop the bus boycott, the Supreme Court stepped in. A message came down form the Supreme Court striking down the motion that the bus segregation ordinance as unconstitutional. When this was heard a joyful bystander stated God Almighty has spoken from Washington D.C. (Lentz 31) After King's victory, there was almost nothing in Newsweek and Time. Not until 382 days after the bus boycott began, did Time and Newsweek report on the event. Both magazines predicted that the black victory would be accepted by whites. (Lentz 31) This later proved untrue. Snipers fired shots at buses and the homes of black ministers were bombed, as were black churches. Kings first arrest after trying to enter a crowed courtroom where another Negro integration leader was testifying put his face in Newsweek. A photograph showing policeman handling King roughly, appeared in Newsweek. The caption noted Alabama arrests a Negro minister on a loitering charge. (Lucaitis 27) Not even mentioning Kings name. In the late summer of 1962, King decided to launch a series of demonstrations in Birmingham. The demonstrations lead to wide spread violence. White police officers with K-9 dogs invaded the march and arrests were made. King was one of the demonstrators arrested. Time, Newsweek, and U.S. News & World Report would find themselves forced to write about the events in Birmingham. U.S. News would be forced into the all-together awkward position of having to account for the brutal and open violence black demonstrators, especially children, that the entire world had seen.(Lentz 78) Time and Newsweek would recall the Birmingham campaign as a crusade for freedom. (Lentz 78) When reporting about Birmingham, Newsweek entertained doubts. The journal chose terms, siege, army, generals, and recruiting troops, -that spoke of invasion and military.

Wednesday, February 26, 2020

Deming points Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Deming points - Essay Example Additionally, this physics doctorate holder also devised the phrases of assignable-cause followed by variation in chance-cause (Deming 80). Shewhart is also credited with coming up with the concept of statistical control that is a fundamental technique in designed experiments. Furthermore, he used mathematical statistical theories in order to comprehend data drawn from physical processes instead of producing a normal distribution curve. Therefore, there are several Deming points that assist in the management philosophy. However, in this case it is essential to study one and understand how it brought benefits to one of the group members (Deming 79). Therefore, in this instance, I think the promotion of education has brought numerous benefits especially when compared to the experience at Indiana State University. For example, it has enabled workers in gaining additional skills and expertise of handling matters. These include the arising challenges of modernity in the management world that are controlled by technology. Another importance of promotion of education is the ability to gain in terms of analytical thinking and memory of pertinent issues in the management field. After the interview concerning the 14 points of Deming, the following points were highlighted as the direct benefits in solving situations (Deming 81). For example, the use of purpose to guide most objectives has been beneficial in terms ensuring the objectives of management are met. Similarly, the constant review of processes helps in the improvement of different areas of management. This is in terms of understanding of employees and motivating them to perform in their respective duties. Alternatively, the working of various departments as a team helps in the completion of tasks in good time. On the other hand, politicians are conducting promotions on the basis of merit which

Sunday, February 9, 2020

Social Justice and Policies for Children Learning English Essay

Social Justice and Policies for Children Learning English - Essay Example Supporters of social justice like Nancy Fraser and John Rawls have formulated various approaches or theoretical perspectives of the core ideologies and processes of what comprises social justice. As regards to the relevance of social justice theories to education, Cribb and Gewirtz (2003) have developed one of the most valuable theoretical models, which explain three types of social justice - associational, cultural, and distributive. This paper focuses on the cultural aspect of social justice, particularly in relation to social inclusion policies for linguistic minority children learning English as an additional language in the UK. Cultural justice supports respect for or consideration of cultural diversity. Cribb and Gewirtz (2003) argue that this is an effective way to eliminate hindrances to social justice. Societies act in response to cultural differences in distinctive ways. Educational policies for the needs and demands of children belonging to cultural minority groups in the UK have changed since the immigration from earlier British colonial states in the 1950s. Language became the emphasis on educational policies for this progressing culturally diverse society in the UK with the Department of Education and Science’s (DES) (1963) English for Immigrants. This was the earliest key government programme into the English language instruction for children whose mother tongue was not English. The language requirements of the schools’ immigrant students were dealt with as regards the observed necessity to guarantee that their being there did not interrupt learning for the majority population who are white monolingual. The immigrant students’ cultural requirements were not tackled in official policy, a phenomenon that is experienced until now.

Thursday, January 30, 2020

National campaigns Essay Example for Free

National campaigns Essay Walker Crisps control the largest part of the crisps market in the United Kingdom, but lost significant market share three years ago when consumers began turning to other forms of snack. Furthermore, as the populace is made increasingly aware of the poor nutrition of some snack foods, the high salt content, and high fat content, they appear to be turning away from brands perceived as less healthy. Unfortunately, despite a revamping of products in 2006, most crisps products are viewed as less healthy and nutritious than alternatives such as cereal bars. National campaigns designed to improve the quality of school lunches were effective at turning parents away from crisps as a lunchbox staple and adult health campaign have lead people to consider other snack options including fruits, nuts, yogurt and cereal bars. In addition, there is some indication that a declining birth rate has also negatively impacted demand for crisps as they tend to be most popular among the males in their teens and early twenties. Older and more affluent snackers choose other options including specialty, private label crisps, corn-based snacks and gourmet crisps with exotic flavors. It also seems clear from evidenced reported by Mintel analysis of the snack food market that there are some areas in which crisps cannot compete, as some consumers, particularly women seem attached to chocolate and sweet biscuits as a preferred indulgent snack. And, there is a marketing nightmare brewing. While crisps must shed their image as fatty, over-salted snacks with no nutritional value if they are to maintain their market share in a health-conscious environment, evidence suggests that men in particular do not want to eat something labeled as â€Å"diet† or â€Å"healthy†. The key appears to be a serious media campaign to change the way people think about crisps. Evidence suggestions that the three trends most likely to impact the crisps market are: a desire to purchase healthier snacks, a desire for classier snacks, and a desire to eliminate snacking in general. The Move toward Healthier Snacks The evidence is clear that the trend in snacking is to find healthier alternatives. Walker crisps was able to regain some of its lost market share in 2006 with the introduction and promotion of healthier, â€Å"baked† varieties, but still faces an uphill battle. In a recent poll, nearly half of the consumers questioned said they would be willing to spend more to be able to buy foods that were free from chemical additives (Mintel, 2007). Since many so-called â€Å"diet† foods are laden with chemicals ranging from preservatives to artificial sweeteners, this may be a market niche that Walkers could exploit with an all-natural crisp. However, it will take a serious marketing campaign to educate consumers about the â€Å"dangers’ hidden in other snack foods. Mintel’s analysis of Walkers marketing expenditures over the last three years has indicated that they have begun to see the value of print advertising that explains the benefits of their newer, â€Å"healthier† product lines. However, it seems likely that Walkers will have to consider a new multimedia advertising campaign that redirects the way people think about crisps. A strict marketing campaign that shows crisp consumption as part of a healthy diet could also help the company retain market share. Currently, consumers are increasingly turning to other snack options in the belief that they are healthier than crisps. It might be advantageous to do a head to head comparison between crisps and several other snacks demonstrating the relative fat content, calories and other nutritional information. For example, the Mintel study showed that 23 percent of consumers snack on cereal bars, often in the belief that they are a healthy sack. However, reading a product label makes it clear that the average cereal bar has as many calories and carbohydrates as a bag of baked crisps. Walkers also needs to continue with current advertising campaigns which explain the change in oils used to create the crisps and the reduction in salt. All of these combined attacks on accepted nutritional ideas can help to recreate crisps in the minds of the consumer. Furthermore, Mintel analysis shows that consumers are less likely to buy branded products or healthy products when buying for use in entertaining. As part of their overall health campaign, Walkers might want to consider an advertising campaign similar to the ones used by American beer companies. â€Å"Friends don’t let friends drink bad beer† could become something along the lines of â€Å"Show your friends you have great taste, buy walker crisps. † Though the concept is a bit loose, it could be refined and would likely results in increased sales for Walkers. The Move to Classier Snacks Another interesting trend within snack food is the move toward hand-cooked or gourmet crisps. These premium brands tend to be smaller manufacturers instead of multinational corporations like Walkers, which is a division of PepsiCo. These brands are gaining in popularity among more affluent, educated consumers. They have shown a preference for exotic flavors like â€Å"Thai sweet chili† and sea salt and malt vinegar instead of the standard crisps (Mintel, 2007). To that end, it is in the best interest of Walkers to continue to expand their line of premium crisps and to develop new flavors that are likely to appeal to consumers. Within this market, it is also important to appeal to the health conscious consumer, so any effort that can be made to create these new flavors using infused oils and natural spices instead of something cooked up with chemicals is a plus (Mintel, 2007). These consumers are more educated and therefore more likely to be well-informed about the products that they are putting into their bodies. These consumers are in many ways the perfect target for an educational advertising campaign which asks why they are depriving themselves of the textures and flavors they love just so that they can eat a cereal bar that tastes like cardboard. This is also a good market to explore because this demographic is less concerned about the price and more concerned about giving themselves a special treat. Often, hey view everything they eat, drink and wear as a form of status symbol and Walkers would do well to establish their premiums brands within this niche. An advertising campaign that reminds consumers that doing something nice for themselves should also taste good would play well to this demographic. The Move Away from Snacking As part of a health-consciousness campaign, citizens of the United Kingdom are being taught that snacking between meals is leading to the Britain’s obesity problem and should be cut out (Mintel, 2007). According to the Mintel poll, fewer people every year admit to eating between meals. While this may be a factor of people not admitting to themselves what their true behavior patterns are, it can mean that they are not planning ahead for snacking and not purchasing traditional snack foods like crisps. One of the best ways to deal with this would be another form of reeducation for the populace. Though dietary requirements are in an ever-changing state of flux as science learns more and more about how the body works, many diets argue that five or six small meals a day maintain blood sugar levels better than the traditional three meals a day. So, even if the addition is simply mid-morning and afternoon tea, Walkers and other snack providers need to change the way the United Kingdom thinks about snacks. Again, the goal is not to have crisps replace full meals like breakfast, but crisps with tea might be a marketing ploy that Walkers could successfully market especially in terms of their premium, exotic brands. Acknowledging that they are competing with scones and sweet biscuits and everything else for every moment the consumer chooses a snack is imperative to Walkers efforts to maintain their market share. Conclusions The simple truth is that snack foods are facing an increased amount of competition every day with more and more companies looking for alternatives to the standard potato crisp. Therefore, companies which rely on crisps as a major segment of their brand identity must find new ways to market and appeal to consumers. Since we have established that current buying behavior seems to be based on perceived nutritional value, perceived class and the perception that snacking makes you fat, an aggressive marketing campaign designed to challenge these notions and change them is necessary. Walks must change the perception of crisps as an unhealthy waste of calories and a blase snack. They must jazz it up and create a desire for people to incorporate crisps into their daily diet. Otherwise, they will continue to watch their market share slip away. WORKS CITED â€Å"Crisps and Snacks†, Mintel Reports, May, 2007.