Marketing Concept - 804 Words

NGÔ BÃÅ'NH MSc. in Marketing Università © Paris 1-Panthà ©on-Sorbonne EXCERCISE PRINCIPLES OF MARKETING VATC/IAE – Broward Program Term: Winter 2012 HCMC 2012 ------------------------------------------------- CHAPTER 1 ------------------------------------------------- MARKETING’S VALUE TO CONSUMERS, FIRMS, AND SOCIETY PART 1: TRUE OR FALSE 1. Marketing is important to every consumer Answer: 2. Marketing and Selling are basically synonymous terms. Answer: 3. The marketing concept has been adopted by virtually all major consumer goods producers. Answer: 4. The customers’ 4Ps are products amp; services, place, price amp; promotion Answer: 5. Marketing is needed because it is a basic functional area†¦show more content†¦A group of consumers willing and able to engage in exchange o. All of the above 4. If you stop at Coopmart for shopping, you have expressed a: p. Want q. Desire r. Demand s. Need t. Wish 5. The first computers origintaed for home use were only sold in kit form to technical enthusiasts who did their own assembly. At that time, the firm offering these kits would likely be in the ........... era. u. Production v. Marketing w. Product x. Sales y. Society 6. A state of felt deprivation of some basic satisfaction is termed a ........... z. Need {. Want |. Demand }. Need ~. Wish 7. The marketing concept could not be applied by ............ . Suppliers of raw materials . Service industries . Consumer goods manufacturers . Industrial goods manufacturers . All of the above could apply it 8. Which of the following statements best reflects a marketing philosophy? . â€Å"sales are down, let’s increase our advertising† . â€Å"we try to sell our high-quality widgets† . â€Å"how much customer service improvement would a new warehouse yield?† . â€Å" inventory costs are too high, we’ will have to cut down† . â€Å"the salesforce’s job is to sell as many units asShow MoreRelatedMarketing Concept Of Marketing Concepts1131 Words   |  5 Pages Marketing is about connecting the value of a product, service or brand to customers or consumer for the resolve of encouraging or selling that product, service, or brand. The concepts of Marketing are: Production concept, Product concept, selling concept, Marketing concept and Societal Marketing concept. Production concept: Production concept deals with production. Customer wants that product which is widely available and has a less price. Product concept: Production concept believes in customersRead MoreMarketing Concept Of Marketing : Marketing1651 Words   |  7 PagesMarketing concept Marketing plays a major function in any business organisation. The essence of marketing is about designing and managing a product and generating exchanges of value from where both the customer and the organisation can attain benefits. Marketing is the activity, set of institutions and processes for creating, communicating, delivering and exchanging offerings that have value for customers, clients, partners and society at large (Solomon, Marshall Stuart, 2009, p.13). MarketersRead MoreMarketing Concept Of Marketing And Marketing1413 Words   |  6 PagesMARKETING CONCEPT Marketing is an act of promoting and selling products or a service, this also includes marketing research and advertising. The marketing concept is the philosophy used by companies to analyse the needs of their customers so they can be better than the competition. 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Career Investigation Into Psychology - 901 Words

CAREER INVESTIGATION Title: A career investigation into Psychology. Description of Career: Psychologists study the way people think and act. They look at all behaviour and the thoughts and feelings that make us act the way we do. They use their understanding to help people with difficulties to change their lives for the better. Skills and Qualities: I feel Psychologists should be committed to helping people transform their lives in a positive way. They should be caring, extremely patient and have excellent communications. I also feel you should have a logical, methodical approach to solving problems. Psychologists must have the intellectual ability and psychological knowledge to understand behaviour in a scientific†¦show more content†¦A doctoral degree generally requires 5-7 years of study. Dr. O’Brien has completed 7 years in Cambridge before entering the practice. After completing three years of work, she resumed study in Cambridge for her Masters in Psychology, which required two executive years of full-time study. She now has her own practice locally. Evaluation: Career (a) About 34% of Psychologists are self-employed compared with only 8% of all workers. Competition for admission to graduate Psychology programs is keen. Overall, employment of Psychologists is expected to grow faster than average. Job prospects should be best for people who have a doctoral degree in applied speciality such as counselling or health and those with a specialist or doctoral degree in school psychology. Clinical Psychologists working for the Health Service earn around in the region of â‚ ¬40,000 when first starting, as a Trainee Psychologist rising to around â‚ ¬74,180 plus as a Senior Clinical Psychologist at the top of the scale. Psychologists in private practice may earn considerably more. Psychologists work a basic 39-hour week. 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Beneath and beyond organizational change - Myassignmenthelp.Com

Questions: 1.Identification and discussion of two different theoretical perspectives. 2. (a) Brief of theorganisation. (b) Identification of changes. (c)Explanation. 3. SWOT of Coles. 4. Critical analysis of the role of change agent. 5. The identification and explanation ofthe ontologicalperspective of organizational change. Answers: Introduction Change management refers to a structured approach in order to ensure that in an organization changes are implemented smoothly and thoroughly. The main aim of a change management is to get a positive outcome from these certain changes in an organization (Hayes, 2014). However, change can be positive or negative for an organization. Change leaves a great impact on the organizational system and the people who are associated with it. This study deals with the change management process in the context of Coles Supermarket. However, two theories that are ontology and epistemology have been selected to analyze the change management process. Answer 1 Among various theoretical perspectives, ontology and epistemology are crucial to address the change management in an organization. Ontology is a method of sharing knowledge. This theoretical perspective includes a traditional system through which the change can be analyzed (Zablith et al., 2015). From the ontological perspectives, the higher level of change can be described in a meaningful way. Ontology includes four phases the major three are operationalization, detection of higher level change and representation. Change semantic capturing is another phase of such theory Change operationalization is a domain specific process highlights the activity of change operator (Klakegg, 2015). According to this phase, the real changes that occur in a specific domain can be addressed by this phase. Operator framework contains many layers while the first two layers focus on the generic changes, which occur in any domain. Change representation is the second phase of the ontology, which highlight s on ontology change log and change log supports the evaluation of the ontology. On the other hand, higher level change or phase three of ontology refers to the atomic change, which is addressed by the addition or deletion of any specific knowledge during the organizational change. This phase focuses on the reusable change method that can be incorporated into an existing system in order to manage the knowledge. Epistemology is another popular theoretical perspective of change management. This is the study of knowledge, thinking, justification and rationality (Sosa, 2017). Epistemology focuses on the scope and source of the knowledge, problem identification, justification of the knowledge and philosophical analysis. The extent of human knowledge can be determined by epistemology. In order to bring a change in an organization it is crucial to determine the nature of the knowledge that needs to incorporate new changes in an organization to get the success of the evolved system. As per the ontology perspective change in an organization can be termed as the transformation of the existing knowledge to achieve the organizational goal. It is crucial for an organization to share the knowledge between the stakeholders in a proper way to improve their existing knowledge (McBrideWuebker, 2014). Epistemology reveals that organizational change can be defined as the inculcation of the new activities in an existing system after addressing the issues. The main similarity between the ontology and epistemology is the knowledge sharing, identification of the source and scope of the knowledge (Klakegg, 2015). In order to give shape the implemented change within an organization, it is vital to enhance the knowledge of the employees. Accumulation of the more knowledge enables the employees to cope with the new environment and to manage the change in their organization. However, without having a proper knowledge regarding the implemented change the employees of an organization can be affected. Based on the ontological perspective the organization can share the knowledge among the employees while epistemology helps the organization to detect the major issues during the implementation of a change. This highlights the link between ontology and epistemology perspectives in the context of change management within an organization. Answer 2 Brief of the organisation The organisation came into being in 1914 and after 50 years entered the retail market. With the change in the focus and value of the organisation, they evolved and changed their strategies. The convenience and innovation added value to the shoppers of Australia. With the confidence, growth of technology, Coles continued to incorporate the advance technologies in their everyday operations. Australian giants Wesfarmers acquired the company in 2006 (Coles Supermarkets, 2018). The decisions changed and improved their management, delivering quality and service and values of the company. The company sources from the different suppliers of the farmers in Australia. The fresh produces, as well as the canned, frozen foods, stationeries, baby products, dairy products, delis and bakeries, meat, liquor are also part of their products portfolios. It also has an ecommerce website exclusive for its online customers. Identification of changes The change that Coles have undergone can be described as the leadership change, which has influenced them to revise their strategies they have previously taken. The leadership change through the managing director of Coles was very essential to remain competitive in the Australian retail market. The dynamic nature of the external and internal environment of Australian industry has affected the process and thus they had to adapt to the process. This change affected them to initiate the adaptation of the change in the operational strategy as well as the inventory management. The suppliers are the main source of change management chain. As they saw change in the customers preference to online shops, they also developed a separate site for their online customers and delivery system (Sturdy Grey, 2013). The political and legal system of Australia has also affected their company. The carbon tax affected their pricing mechanism. They also focused on the sustainable change development under the leadership of McLeod. The emission trade scheme in effect in the recent years happened to channelize their corporate social responsibility regulations in the company (Coles Supermarkets, 2018). With the change in social conscience of the managers, they have adapted to different environmental sustainability rules of the industry and recycling services competing with the Kmart. The evaluation of their internal operations the change strategies has affected the employees, while enhancing employee values. The change was implemented by changing the management styles and implementing through the process of unfreezes, change and refreeze. Explanation Ontology is known as the information science in the company. The main criteria related to ontology are to establish the link between the variables that are related to the entity. Simultaneously, as the discussion here is about the change management of Coles Supermarket, this text considers the variables in change that affects the management of the organisation. The definitions here contain the explanation of ontology and epistemology. As ontology studies focuses on the transformation of the existing knowledge, the existing procedures of Coles were not very fruitful, as they did not have the competitive advantage. The change in the technological process and leadership change, which lead to change in the internal process and regulations identified above (Sturdy Grey, 2013). The epistemology is concerned with the identification of the issue and then improving the knowledge. To implement the change, the current situation must be identified and then to improve the current operation, proc ess, leadership it should be given emphasis in changing the management process. Answer 3 Strength The company has more experience in the retail industry than other competitors Largest share in the domestic food and the liquor market Attractive pricing strategies Active corporate social responsibility Impressive online delivery and pickup services Major suppliers of the company are related to this organisation. Weakness The carbon tax implementation of the Australian government affected their pricing strategies The suppliers are not satisfied with their margin in the company The market expansion strategy of the company was not impressive and they were going through a stagnation process though the industry was in growth stage Opportunities As they are in the business for more than 100 years, they have a better suppliers base in the company Control in supply chain and profit through sourcing inventory from the suppliers also can be done exploited Sponsorships and marketing in the target customers place is also a better opportunity for Coles. Threat Intense competition in the supermarket can be very challenging to overcome. The low margins provided by them can backfire in their suppliers relationship Lack of clear communication in the company hindered their strategic ability to be implemented Table 1: SWOT of Coles Ltd. (Source: Coles Supermarkets, 2018) Ian McLeod was a UK retail executive when he joined Coles in 2008. Under his supervision, the company had gone through an essential change process that was identified previously. The first initiative that was taken by McLeod was to visit the coalface and gauge the presence of the outlets. He also identified the current issue was no innovation strategy was implemented. Therefore, his layout of complete change in the chain of the supermarket Coles was necessary made Coles rip more profits from the market compared to its competitors. The MD also identified the change in the suppliers relationship. His method of strengthening the suppliers relationship was very important part of implementing the strategy. After the suppliers were satisfied and understood the retailer and suppliers alliances can achieve they agreed to the reduction of prices and that helped them to rank fourth in the company. Another weakness of the company was in innovation. The company faced tremendous competition with the retail giants. McLeod also identified the communication need of the company. He implemented the direct marketing strategy which improved their state in the industry. Another thing that was alleviated after McLeods change management strategies was employee value. He was successful in creating and enhancing the employee value in the organization. According to him, if the customers are to be fully satisfied the employees as well as the stakeholders should be the focus of the management and he implemented that strategy in the company (Coles Supermarkets, 2018). From an ontological perspective, it can be said that the knowledge that they had was not implemented before Ian McLeod became the managing director of the company. The change management practitioners like Ian used that knowledge of operationalisation. He also understood the need of change in the activity of the operational framework. He also identified the activities that needed change. Though the change was very domain specific and new operational framework was introduced in the system. From the social constructionist perspectives, the communication between the suppliers and retail managers were key to their shared assumptions or predictability of success in the cost reduction process. This also helped them in reducing their price, which was a value addition to their customers. The directors approach to the direct marketing through sms, emails and utilising the internet communication channel was very important from the constructivist perspectives. McLeods change management was also effective because of the strategy he implemented with the constructed understandings of the retail market (Coles Supermarkets, 2018). Answer 4 Several internal and external agents are associated with the change in an organization. One of the most important agents is the technology that facilitates changes in an organization (Kuipers et al., 2014). In the context of Coles Supermarket changes in the leadership is a big incident in this organization that has taken part in the recent years. McLeod is appointed as a leader in this organization, which turns this organization from donkey to racehorse. A change in the leadership makes the management of this organization more customer-centric and suppliers become close to this organization. In this situation technology play, an important role as to cope up with the new technology Coles Supermarket needs to change their leadership as a new leader may utilize the technology properly and improve the performance of the organization. Globalization is a major external factor that influences the change in an organization. However, due to the rapid globalization, many organization face leadership challenges. Thus, the organization often decides to make the change in their existing leadership (Radebaugh, 2014). In the context of Coles Supermarket, they have appointed McLeod as a new leader to improve their organizational performance. Hence, in order to deal with the various leadership challenges this organization needs to recruit new leader to cope up with the emerging changes in the global market. Competition is another agent that influences an organization to implement change in the workplace. However, entry of a new competitor in the market forces an organization to change their business strategy to get sustainable growth in the global market. For Coles Supermarket huge competition in the global market may lead them to change their leadership to compete in the international market. However, change in the leadershi p is an effective process to enhance the performance of an organization. As commented by Al-Haddad Kotnour, (2015), huge competition often affects the growth of a business. As argued by van den Heuvel et al., (2017), competition strengthens the business and motivates the employees to facilitate change in an organization. Government regulation is another external factor that brings change in an organization. However, it is crucial for an organization to comply with the government rules and regulation while operating in a new country (Cummings Worley, 2014). In the context of Coles Supermarket their new leader McLeod needs to understand the rules and regulation of a country to enhance his performance otherwise the organization may face legal obligation. However, in order to comply with the government rules the organization needs to incorporate the change in their existing system, which will fulfill the legal requirement. A change in the managerial personnel is important to introduce change in the existing process. However, old leaders are replaced by the new leaders over the time. In the case of Coles supermarket McLeod is their new managing director this ensures the leadership change in their organization. New leader executes a new idea that is beneficial for an organization. For this reason, it is i mportant for Coles Supermarket to develop a new leader to maximize the performance through the change. Deficiency in existing organizational structure is a big agent that brings changes in an organization (Heuvel et al., 2017). In an organization, changes occur if there is a poor structure. A large number of managerial heads and lack of co-ordination lead an organization to face challenges in their business operation. In the context of Coles Supermarket poor interpersonal relationship between the stakeholders influences them to recruit new leader in their organization. Change in the leadership allows this organization to improve the communication level in this organization, which also enhances the collaborative work in the workplace. Employee motivation is associated with the performance management. In order to encourage the employees in their work, an organization needs to motivate the employees through the establishment of an effective leadership. Coles Supermarket has changed their leadership, which is an effective initiative for their organization. New leader comes with the new id ea and new thoughts (Radebaugh, 2014). To motivate the employees it is crucial to make a proper communication with them. On the other hand, the performance of an organization depends on the employee motivation. However, if the new leader is able to insist the employees in their work then it will improve the performance of the organization. It is a great challenge for McLeod to deal with the new people in a new organization. Hence, the current changes in Coles Supermarket will be beneficial for this organization to enhance its growth. Answer 5 Ontological study is has very essential contribution to the organisational change management study. Ontology based context helps in identifying the change content. There are four different process related to ontology based on the phases. To transform the organisation in a desired state and be successful both the approaches can be implemented in the same time. The dialogic approach to change is more result oriented (Cleland-Huang,Settimi, BenKhadra,Berezhanskaya Christina, 2015). It consists of the stakeholders dialogue and then it considers the structured implementation of the change plan. The dialogic approaches in the process take into account contemporary leadership. Re imagining, the organisation change through this process is done by the 8 main principles. Relationships with reality are constructed socially Organisations creates their own systems Language is the key to make change effective Before creating the change, the conversations may matter Organisations and groups among them are self organising The most important factor to be implemented is the communication and employee engagement (Cleland-Huang,Settimi, BenKhadra,Berezhanskaya Christina, 2015) Transformational change in organisation is more emergent in nature than planned Consultants must be considered as part of the process Organisational leaders considered this a main course of action to adaptive challenges. According to Bebbington, Brown, Frame Thomson (2012), the associative leaders objectives is creating good dialogues. The main objective among this is to generate good dialogues for the purpose of exchanges of information. The transformational change is dependent upon these dialogues and allows people in prevailing beliefs and images that may shape or enhance the meaning of the situation. Though the authors criticised the qualitative and subjective nature of this approach is rather a complex (Hatch Cunliffe, 2013). They also pointed out the period of time it takes is also not viable to consider. Though the communication among the stakeholders is inclusive and constant, the methodologies are also very much dependent upon the stakeholders group. Problem centric approach to ontology is quantitative in nature and known as the rational approach to change rather a contrast to the dialogic approach. Data is gathered in the process and then interpreted in the adequate way. Three main steps of the problem centric approaches are Environmental analysis and alignment of diagnosis focus of the organisational system design and outcome of the analysis must be timed in an adequate way The systems of the organisation must be aligned with a other part of the functions in the system. Diagnosiss main approach is to seek how much of the capability can be optimised There are obviously many criticism of this theory as suggested. The main drawback according to the author is the quantitative nature of the corruption or the interpretation; it lacks the human touch and their contribution. The organisational culture of the company is not affected by this approach (Hatch Cunliffe, 2013). Though the decisions are predictable and backed with concrete data, there are some elements that cannot be factorised; for example, stakeholders appreciative enquiry which is also criticised in the centre. The change operationalisation is the first phase of ontological change. The implementation of the change was supported to be discussed in different levels. This takes care of the generic change in the company. The changes at a higher level of the company are given by lower level changes, which are also domain specific, McLeod implements this. The domain specific changes is done in the customer relationship management, alleviating the customer experience of grocery shopping, making suppliers relationship stronger than before and integrating the operational framework (Fleetwood, 2013). The next stage of ontology is known as the change representation according the operational framework support of the organisation. The major change by McLeod was done in the operational framework (Cleland-Huang, Settimi, BenKhadra, Berezhanskaya Christina, 2015). The ontology change logs were done by the operational change logs and by pattern recognition techniques, by using the graphs. The more important part of change is this process and helps in changes that are implicitly expressed over the company (Kotter Schlesinger, 2012). The foundation of the change in the organisation is also built in this process. Under McLeods leadership, the company has gone through major changes regarding the retailer-suppliers relationship and increasing the market share of the company. The direct marketing space was also the most important decision that McLeods has taken the company to fourth position from fourteenth. He also has taken care of the supermarkets sponsorships in television (Tsoukas Chia, 2012). I would have chosen the same approach as identified in the ontological change as change operationalisation and change representation approaches. The main criteria for the change are the foundation of the Coles change in the leadership too. Change in the behavioural aspect also was done by the change in leadership. He was successful in transforming the organisations operational aspect, stakeholders analysis and approved the perception of the customers. He was also the stimulator behind the change that Coles has undergone when they were in the stagnant stage. From the two different approach identified there McLeods has taken dialogic approach in resolving the customer relationship and stakeholders analysis and problem centric approach in resolving the operational problems in the company. Conclusion The entire study reveals that Coles Supermarket is a well-known retailer in Australian retailer. This organization has made a change in their leadership in the recent years. However, ontology and epistemology are two major theories of change management. In order to bring change in an organization, such two theories are crucial. Ontological theory defines the change as the transformation of the existing knowledge while epistemology refers that change is the incorporation of new practice after identifying the issues. Change operationalization is suitable for Coles Supermarket to address the new change in their organization. On the other hand, several factors are associated such as political factor, competition, globalization and structural changes influence the organizational change in the context of Coles Supermarket. Moreover, change can be managed through analyzing the concept of ontology and epistemology. References Al-Haddad, S., Kotnour, T. (2015). Integrating the organizational change literature: a model for successful change.Journal of organizational change management,28(2), 234-262.doi.org/10.1108/JOCM-06-2014-0111 Bebbington, J., Brown, J., Frame, B., Thomson, I. (2012). Theorizing engagement: the potential of a critical dialogic approach.Accounting, Auditing Accountability Journal,20(3), 356-381.doi/abs/10.1108/09513570710748544 Cleland-Huang, J., Settimi, R., BenKhadra, O., Berezhanskaya, E., Christina, S. (2015, May). Goal-centric traceability for managing non-functional requirements. InProceedings of the 27th international conference on Software engineering(pp. 362-371). ACM.doi10.1145/1062455.1062525 Coles Supermarkets. (2018).Coles.com.au. Retrieved 3 January 2018, from https://www.coles.com.au/ Cummings, T. G., Worley, C. G. (2014).Organization development and change. Cengage learning. Fleetwood, S. (2013). Ontology in organization and management studies: A critical realist perspective.Organization,12(2), 197-222. doi/abs/10.1177/1350508405051188 Hatch, M. J., Cunliffe, A. L. (2013).Organization theory: modern, symbolic and postmodern perspectives. Oxford university press. Hayes, J. (2014).The theory and practice of change management. Palgrave Macmillan. Klakegg, O. J. (2015).Ontology and epistemology(pp. 57-66). Farnham, Surrey: Gower. Kotter, J. P., Schlesinger, L. A. (2012). Choosing strategies for change. InReadings in Strategic Management(pp. 294-306). Palgrave, London.doi/abs/10.1080/0142159X.2017.1391377 Kuipers, B. S., Higgs, M., Kickert, W., Tummers, L., Grandia, J., Van der Voet, J. (2014). The management of change in public organizations: A literature review.Public Administration,92(1), 1-20.doi.10.1111/padm.12040 McBride, R., Wuebker, R. (2014). Is entrepreneurial opportunity objective? Implications from the ontology and epistemology of social institutions.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2427142 Radebaugh, L.H., (2014). Environmental factors influencing the development of accounting objectives, standards and practices in Peru.The international Journal of Accounting Education and Research. Urbana,11(1), 39-56.doi. 10.1111/radm.12046 Sosa, E. (2017).Epistemology. Princeton University Press. Sturdy, A., Grey, C. (2013). Beneath and beyond organizational change management: Exploringalternatives.Organization,10(4),651-662.doi/abs/10.1177/13505084030104006 Tsoukas, H., Chia, R. (2012). On organizational becoming: Rethinking organizational change.Organization science,13(5), 567-582./doi.org/10.1287/orsc.13.5.567.7810 van den Heuvel, S., van den Heuvel, S., Freese, C., Freese, C., Schalk, R., Schalk, R., ... van Assen, M. (2017). How change information influences attitudes toward change and turnover intention: The role of engagement, psychological contract fulfillment, and trust.Leadership Organization Development Journal,38(3), 398-418.doi.org/10.1108/LODJ-03-2015-0052 Zablith, F., Antoniou, G., d'Aquin, M., Flouris, G., Kondylakis, H., Motta, E., ...Sabou, M. (2015). Ontology evolution: a process-centric survey.The knowledge engineering review,30(1), 45-75.doi.org/10.1017/S0269888913000349

Early Childhood Education in Australia

Questions: The assessment folio has two parts: A newsletter Reflection1. Create a succinct and informative newsletter for parents.2. Write a reflection covering the following points: How can teachers use newsletters to encourage parental involvement? What kind of language style did you use to make families feel welcome? Why it is important to work in partnership with parents/families to support childrens language and literacy learning? What strategies do teachers use to value the childs home language/s and cultural backgrounds? Answers: The Model of Reggio Emilia From the perspective of educational systems, Reggio Emilia a north Italian town has an established reputation worldwide for keeping a forward thought process towards initial education of children in their early childhood. Reggio Approach functions with inherent factors which are inclusive of a childs image, the preschool establishment expressive arts, progettazione, communities and relationships between parents and schools, environment and teachers. All these factors are considered essential because of their general inter-relation. Childs Image: The image of a child under Reggio Emilia approach model is not that of an empty glass eagerly waiting for being completely filled with information. Rather the belief of educators of Reggio approach lies in the childs image filled with positivity, strength and limitless potential. According to them, a child has all fundamental rights to realize and analyze their individual potentials. Expressive art: holds an important place in the approach of Reggio and is known as a learning vehicle. Expressive art Is inclusive of activities related with drawing on daily basis in order to making the early childhood children express themselves through art. Various expressive activities are used for motivating children and these are inclusive of sculptures, dramas, plays, puppet play, painting, dance and even music. Progettazione: The term is understood often to imply emergent curriculum or curriculum centered on children. Teachers under this approach learn by observing the mood of children, by listening to them in a careful manner and by giving value to the childrens thought so that interest can be generated in them. The word implies children to be protagonists of students. Learning strategies adopted by Teachers Teachers play an important role under Reggio Emilia approach model especially because they are responsible for managing the relationship between learning and teaching known as progettazione and based on that teachers adopt speculative principles and learning strategies that will help students to grow individually and consistently: Learning Strategy 1: Teachers acknowledge children to be individuals and helps them in creating trust with the teachers so that learning can take place in a fruitful manner. By this students become more supportive and the teachers keep motivating them to enjoy on their journey to learn. From time to time, students are monitored by giving them projects based on environment or individual assessment so that the teacher knows the children are grasping what they are taught in a proper manner. Open ended questions are also part of this strategy because teachers by this strategy can help teachers monitor the progress of the students. Learning Strategy 2: Teachers always document everything that they teach to the children and this is why programs inspired by Reggio Emilia approach are always documented as they serve various functions and are essential tools. According to Gandini, 1996, routinely teachers are meant to take notes and photos along with making tape records of discussions and play of children in the class. The childrens projects being documented are properly also arranged with the use of transcript conversations with the students. Learning Strategies 3: Expressive Arts is another strategy under the approach of Reggio Emilia which helps students to establish their selves through art and become more expressive when they grow up. Encouraging Parental Involvement Educators under Reggio Emilia approach describe their technique to be a collaboration of relationship pedagogy and the whole foundation of this model is to develop relationships by explaining conceptions and experiencing them. Through Reggio Emilia approach parents and teachers in a collaborated manner work towards accomplishing the goal of children progress and through this relationship the growth of the students can be monitored in collaboration. The most distinctive characteristic of Reggio Model is the participation of parents and communities. The core significance to the school life has been highlighted in the Right Charter inclusive of a part on parents rights illustrating that parents active participation makes students more adhere to their learning principles and are able to perfectly grow through the same approach. Parents through this approach and their communities can see their children prosper through collectivism and co-operation. Such an educational approach is not only important from the perspective of education systems but the fact that it establishes relationships is a proof of parental responsibility in early childhood years of their children when educating them. Reflection Encouraging parents involvement through Newsletter The significant role of parents in initial childhood education has delivered increasing recognition in various countries since several years. Most schools have encouraged parents for being involved in life at school in various ways (Moss et al 2002). Fundraising and children accompanied by parents on trips from school were initial techniques that had a narrow scope of really encouraging the involvement of parents throughout early childhood consistently. Newsletters have been highly successful in bringing parents closer to their childrens school life. I think, newsletters are the traditional medium by which parents are able to analyze, see for their own selves and effectively understand the educational system their child is studying at, in their early childhood years. Moreover, parents through the medium of newsletters are ensured of the following: Being the first to come in contact with the education system through the medium of newsletter which means there is no third party involved that can influence the parents decision (Moss et al 2002). Communication is possible in a straight forward manner and simply avoids jargon of educational systems which have made it repeated for the parents to acknowledge Ensuring that every parent should have a consistent access over clear, concise and can easily read the data on the school and the curriculum. Parents are also able to share their issues and thoughts directly at the address mentioned in the newsletter. Language and differences of culture are not promoted through newsletters Newsletters are able to consistently establish meaningful way of communicating Language style used The use of language is important when communicating with children as well with their parents. Parents are warm towards their children and their attitude aggravates if the use of language is even slightly disoriented (Moss et al 2002). Therefore, the language used was very soft, it was warm and completely positive so as to motivate the parents in taking part and forming a bond under the education model recommended highly through the newsletter. Significance of working in partnership The relationship which is shared between schools and parents is an important one. Parents need to be encouraged for becoming involved with activities in classroom but this is not enough as parents need to be explained the value of becoming partners in the learning process of their child. If parental involvement in the hours of classroom is encouraged then it certainly disturbs the learning of children (Moss et al 1996). With equal partnership of parents in the matters of school, without their physical involvement itself everything about the progress of the student is directly explained in the form of assessment sheets. By enhancing their partnership, information is delivered to the parents by asking them sensitive questions on the school events. It is complicated for the parents to be completely partnered with school without them having adequate information about what goes on the thought process and learning process of children. Also, true partnership encourages personal contact whic h makes the parents know that the teachers with whom their children spend most of the hours with are efficient. Strategies used for valuing the home language and cultural background of Children There are various factors in the school that impact the culturally diverse students success inclusive of the atmosphere of school and complete belief on diversity, community involvement and curriculum which are culturally responsive. Of the many factors individual relationship and academic relationship of the students with their teachers is of extreme important because without this, there is hardly any subjective outcome that can be enabled through subsequent usage. The relationship which is shared between schools and parents is an important on (Penn et al 1997). Parents need to be encouraged for becoming involved with activities in classroom but this is not enough as parents need to be explained the value of becoming partners in the learning process of their child. In addition, the strategies that the teachers use are mostly related to their behavior illustrating that a teachers behavior needs to be positive and inclusive when teaching a large number of students with different cultures and languages. If not all but there should be some knowledge in the teacher about those language specific words with some of the languages of the students studying in the classroom. This would in turn illustrate that the teacher has an inclusive attitude and through such similar enlightenments the teacher is able to offer the students with a place where everything is equal. Building a relationship with every child in the school is also very crucial. Focusing on the way in which learning for students is taking place and students are observed for identifying their orientations of task leads towards advancements in learning and understanding (Rinaldi 2006). There are various issues that the teacher can face in multi lingual and culturally diverse such as, students f acing problem communicating and understanding but with matching attitudes and matching behaviors, teachers will be able to establish profound relationships in the classroom which consequently cultivate productivity. Students learn only when they experience positivity but this positivity is not possible in a socially excluded environment of school. References Moss, P., and Petrie, P., From Childrens Services to Childrens Spaces: Public Policy, Children and Childhood, Routledge, 2002 Moss, P., and Penn, H., Transforming Nursery Education, Paul Chapman Publishing, 1996. Penn, H., Comparing Nurseries: Staff and Children in Italy, Spain and the UK, Paul Chapman Publishing, 1997. Project Zero and Reggio Children, Making Learning Visible: Children as Individual and Group Learners, Reggio Children, 2001 Rinaldi, C., In Dialogue with Reggio Emilia: Listening, Researching and Learning, Routledge, 2006

Camp Bow Wow Company Growth

1. â€Å"How did Camp Bow Wow think Global and act local†Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Camp Bow Wow Company Growth specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Camp Bow Wow has seen massive growth in ten years since initiating the first business in Denver. The thought of establishing a dog service business originated from the challenges that people undergo while caring for their pets. The trauma that pets experience in their closed kennels causes apprehension among owners.[1] Heidi Ganahl underwent similar experiences that informed her idea to offer dog owners opportunities to register their pets for day care services. Camp Bow Wow presently owns fifty million dollars stake in the American pet segment.[2] Within America, the firm controls two hundred franchises within forty states. The expansion of Heidi’s pet business has continued into Canada where it offers similar services.[3] The firm appreciates the i mportance of collaborations in escalating its business and encourages huge proportions of interested persons to adopt the business idea. This call has enabled people from diverse backgrounds to engage in pet care services by owning a franchise through the leadership of Camp Bow Wow.[4] 2. â€Å"How successful is this business after went on global, how many areas are covered right now and the achievement they got† Camp Bow Wow operations have taken place smoothly thus resulting into massive growth. The firm offers pet services and currently operates approximately two hundred franchises in America. Its international marketplace presence is currently in Canada where it operates a single franchise. Notably, further growth appears imminent through the implementation of aforementioned recommendations. The firm differentiated its services consequently initiating new processes basing on home behavior buddies. Furthermore, the growth of these new services also attracts additional clie nts thus escalating the firm’s client base. Camp Bow Wow plans to create additional five hundred franchises within four years.[5] Future growth also entails initiating branches in the international marketplace beginning with Australia and United Kingdom.Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Notably, Heidi’s pet service that began as a small business has grown to reach massive levels thus offering products in the local and global marketplace.[6] This development confirms that through local acts the business will eventually serve global clients. 3. â€Å"How big is the global market and what is their plan for global market†? â€Å"Basically connect with the second question and look up for the future plan† The company enjoys impressive growth as noted in the previous decade. Furthermore, the company ought to escalate its speed in order to create massive revenues and clients base.[7] In order to attain further growth, Camp Bow Wow has the following plans It focuses on enhancing product differentiation by initiating additional activities including the provision of rearing pets of superior traits for mating purposes. This will allow pet owners who desire certain traits of pets to deliver their dogs to Camp Bow Wow for mating thus acquiring such qualities. Camp Bow Wow plans to implement a new business into international marketplace. This should occur through initiating collaborations with interested persons.[8] Furthermore, it can augment international market leadership by creating subsidiaries with local businesses. Camp Bow Wow plans to improve its organizational communication. This will escalate its marketplace presence by delivering appropriate information to the targeted audience. Camp Bow Wow plans to avoid recruiting friends into key business roles.[9] This will potentially cause interest conflicts, finance losses, and disrega rd to the company. The firm plans to recruit persons after investigating their backgrounds basing on qualities and skills at handling company players. This potentially stimulates business growth to greater echelons. Bibliography Camp Bow Wow. â€Å"About Us.† Camp Bow Wow Website. http://www.campbowwowusa.com/corporate-info/about-us . Kahn, Jocelyn. A Decade of Successful Business for Nation’s Largest Pet Services Company. Camp Bow Wow Website. http://www.campbowwowusa.com/ten-year-anniversary . Sue, Browny. Entrepreneur Interview: Heidi Ganahl, Camp Bow Wow. In the Business Information Guide, http://businessinfoguide.com/entrepreneur-interview-heidi- ganahl-camp-bow-wow/ . Footnotes Browny, Sue. Entrepreneur Interview: Heidi Ganahl, Camp Bow Wow. In the Business Information Guide,(http://businessinfoguide.com/entrepreneur-interview-heidi-ganahl-camp-bow-wow/ . Browny, Sue. Entrepreneur Interview: Heidi Ganahl, Camp Bow Wow. In the Business Information Guide,(http:/ /businessinfoguide.com/entrepreneur-interview-heidi-ganahl-camp-bow-wow/ . Camp Bow Wow. â€Å"About Us.† Camp Bow Wow Website. (http://www.campbowwowusa.com/corporate-info/about-us . Camp Bow Wow. â€Å"About Us.† Camp Bow Wow Website. (http://www.campbowwowusa.com/corporate-info/about-us . Kahn, Jocelyn. A Decade of Successful Business for Nation’s Largest Pet Services Company. In the  Camp Bow Wow Website. http://www.campbowwowusa.com/ten-year-anniversary . Camp Bow Wow. â€Å"About Us.† Camp Bow Wow Website. (http://www.campbowwowusa.com/corporate-info/about-us . Kahn, Jocelyn. A Decade of Successful Business for Nation’s Largest Pet Services Company. In the  Camp Bow Wow Website. http://www.campbowwowusa.com/ten-year-anniversary . Browny, Sue. Entrepreneur Interview: Heidi Ganahl, Camp Bow Wow. In the Business Information Guide (http://businessinfoguide.com/entrepreneur-interview-heidi-ganahl-camp-bow-wow/ . Browny, Sue. Entrepreneur Inter view: Heidi Ganahl, Camp Bow Wow. In the Business Information Guide,(http://businessinfoguide.com/entrepreneur-interview-heidi-ganahl-camp-bow-wow/ . This report on Camp Bow Wow Company Growth was written and submitted by user Emery Knight to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Socioautobiography Essays - Oaths, Scout Promise, Yao Shouzhong

Socioautobiography Essays - Oaths, Scout Promise, Yao Shouzhong Socioautobiography SOCIOAUTOBIOGRAPHY Socioautobiography DeVry University CLASS- I compared myself with other students who were born in China and now moving and studying in US as me many times, since I started planning to study abroad. What I saw superficially, people who living in a middle or upper class can decide to supply their children to study in a foreign country, so I think we were born in a similar family, until I met more people and learn more from them, I found it isnt like what I thought before. Most of my friends parents are working as a CEO of some companies, or maybe an owner of a factory or other business. When I was still in primary school to high school, though sometimes my classmates would compare with each other by what they have, I thought we were similar - we all born in a common family, neither very rich nor very poor, everything are in average. But after my parents decided to send me out of China, asked me to study in a language school in my holiday, I started knowing more people who really born in a family that I can only see in mo vie. And after I came to US, I met some of my friends who are young but already own their business by chance, and knew much more about the different types of people. One part of my friends start their working life by non-stop interviews or internships in China, one part of my friends still enjoying their happy life by traveling, shopping luxury products, and one part of my friends live their life by start a small business in different ways, and I struggle in school, helping my friend deal with their documents and giving advices for their business from what I learned in school, thinking of how to achieve my dream in the future FAMILY- I was born in a very common family, which is made up by my parents and me. I am the only child in my family, and I am the only girl in my fathers family. I was born in a period that China was implementing birth control. I used to think all people who were also born around those years are the only child in their family, and I was a , Gender, Race, Class, Media, Status

Reply to professor comments regarding # 1110606 Assignment

Reply to professor comments regarding # 1110606 - Assignment Example Intrinsically, the support pattern is upheld for a long period of time, maybe, till another person takes over the presidency. The power to declare war makes the presidency too powerful. Despite the constitution giving the Congress the exclusive power to declare war, in the contemporary presidency, the presidency can declare war without any formal Congress declaration. The U.S. is rich in missiles that have nuclear warheads. It’s only the president who is bestowed with the power to launch them by giving a signal, something that can lead to instant destruction of the cities in their entirety (Lowi 2012, p. 195). Surprisingly, the people who wrote and promulgated the presidency had the right intention of striking a balance of power between the presidency and the Congress; however, the modern presidency has evolved to claim too much power as compared to the Congress. The writers of the constitution would not predict that the U.S. world transform to be the worlds richest nation in terms of weapons. This has prompted amendments to the constitution from time to time, giving the presidents superfluous power s. The strength of the U.S.’s economy heightens the presidency’s powers. Presumably, the U.S. is among the top economies in the world. As such, the presidency of America is respected all over the world (Lowi 2012, p. 177). The president uses jets to tour the world and the advice he gives to other nations is taken with much seriousness than any other executive. Also, many dignitaries visit the White House from time to time to come and consult with the presidency on various issues. Contrary to the Congress, the presidency has evolved to be such a respected position, both locally and in the international

The ways in which use of the strange and unfamiliar prompts the reader Research Paper

The ways in which use of the strange and unfamiliar prompts the reader to think about the known and the familiar - Research Paper Example However, the Goblin Market is a poem which is narrated by Christina Rossetti’s, the poem describes the markets place dynamic and Rossetti depicts on how the† Goblin† or the merchant’s cries for the business. The merchants croon by shouting out loud for the crowd to come and buy, come and buy which they repeat it several times so that they can attract the customer’s attention to go, and buy their products. The merchant does this by preparing the list of the items in a paratactic manner. These two books try to analyze the ways in which the use of the strange and unfamiliar prompts the reader to think about the known and the familiar. All through the ages, the man has always struggled in defining the necessary situation of the utopian society. Writers along with philosophers proclaim that they discovered the key to perfect societal structure; however, they sometimes fall short in a number of aspects. The perfect society cannot easily be attained, and almost impossible to achieve it completely. Gulliver’s Travels, invites readers into the world which is ruled by the creatures who looks like the horses, recognized as Houyhnhnms, who in spite of being kind, calm, and coherent, they lack the critical thought as well as wisdom. These animals rule their whole lives on the morals of reason, good value, wisdom, and self-control, and they believe that, the only means of living is by being friendly as well as benevolent, to their own kindness. Gulliver’s Travel is a story of adventuring that involves several voyages of a man by the name Lemuel Gulliver, known to be a surgeon because of the series of the mishaps and an ability to route to the recognized ports and end ups on several of the unknown islands where he lives with the people as well as, animals of the unusual sizes, he is able to go back to his home in

Discuss to what extent the existence of corporate and personal taxes Essay - 1

Discuss to what extent the existence of corporate and personal taxes could affect companies' dividend policy and capital structure decisions - Essay Example Dividends could be said to be the reward for the shareholders' participation in contributions towards the corpus of company and its management. The dividend policy plays a crucial role in the financial operations of corporate in the UK because it is closely dependent on current profits and also future profitability of the entity. As per law, Companies could distribute dividends, only out of earnings or reserves of the Company, since otherwise; it would amount to paying back its own capital to the shareholders. Thus, a Company could only distribute dividends out of its accumulated profits and free reserves available for such distribution: It may choose not to pay any dividend and may retain its earnings for future plans, the Company's decision not to pay dividends may stem from the need for maintaining reserves for market expansions, need to buy back shares at later date, building funds for heavy investments projects, programmes, etc. It may decide to pay minimum dividends out of its retained earnings, keeping the long term prospects of the Company in view, with the optimistic view that in future years, it would be able to maintain or increase, the level of profitability, and thus its rate of dividend. This is because a falling rate of dividend may discourage potential investors and they may become circumspect about investing in such companies. This would have detrimental consequences on the company's market image. The Company's operations are such that it is in a strong position to regularly pay high rates of dividends, even quarterly basis, in terms of a strong market position and market realisations. Moreover, because of reputation and goodwill gained by the Company, it is also able to attract outside investors for future growth plans and expansion, and it need not depend entirely on the present earnings and Capital reserves at its disposal. It would not be wrong to say that dividend policies, besides the tax element, is also dependent upon available of consistent profits and dividend yielding assets Role of Taxation in determination of dividend policies: Taxation plays an important role in the determination of dividends because of the following reasons: Incidence of double taxation, especially in developed countries. Capital gains being subject to a lower rate of taxation than

Golden Gate Bridge And Channel Tunnel Project Comparison Construction Essay

Golden Gate Bridge And Channel Tunnel Project Comparison Construction Essay Golden Gate Bridge is a suspension bridge built at the opening of San Francisco in to Pacific Ocean. It connects the Marin County, California to the city of San Francisco. This project was approved in 1930 and started in January 1933 and finished by May 1937. It is the longest suspension bridge, by the time of its completion. The total length and width of this bridge is 2,737m and 27m respectively. 83,000 tons of steel from New Jersey, Maryland and Pennsylvania and Cables with length of 2,332m are used for construction. Two main cables pass over the towers and each of them is made up of 27,572 strands of wire that can cover eighty thousand miles and it took over six months to spin them. 128 high pressure sodium lamps are installed on the roadway. It was fully painted in orange vermillion color. Original paint was removed due to corrosion and it is repainted with emulsion top coat which took over 30 years. It is a popular internationally recognized and well structured civil engineerin g symbol throughout the world. Channel Tunnel United Kingdom: Channel Tunnel is a longest undersea tunnel in the world. It is also known as Chunnel. It is 50.5km long and 250ft deep undersea rail tunnel beneath English Channel. Chunnel links Kent in UK with Coquelles in northern France. Chunnel carries high passenger trains and also transports vehicles through trains. It is recognized as a one of the seven wonders of World by American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE). This project was first proposed in 1802. But, due to political pressures it was compromised and later in 1988 the construction company Eurotunnel takeover the project. The project was completed by 1994 with 80% over budget. After its construction Chunnel has faced many problems, Illegal immigrants attempted to use it and Fires have disrupted the transport. Despite of all the problems during and after the construction, it is running successfully and it is considered as most successful project. Comparison of Projects There are various factors that influence the outcome of every project. So, it is important to identify the main objectives, scope, duration and budget of the project which helps to distinguish whether the project is successful or unsuccessful. In this report, I have considered the following factors to compare the Project management of Golden Gate Bridge and Channel Tunnel. Project Environment Golden Gate Bridge The city of San Francisco doesnt have a permanent link to surrounding cities across its bay area. The only route available was through ferry services started in 1820. Although Ferry services became famous and profitable in automobile industry, that doesnt show any impact on the development of the city in various sectors. Then, there was an initial proposal for building a bridge which was turned down due to various political and public issues. But finally project was started in the year of 1933 and completed by 1937. After the completion of project, San Francisco was also linked to other cities through roadways across the bay which in turn leads to overall economic development. Channel Tunnel Since 18th century France and United Kingdom were in need of affordable transportation links for their economic development. So the Channel Tunnel project was proposed. The actual commencement of project was delayed for more than a century after its preliminary proposal and trails. It had undergone various problematic phases like technology and machinery failures, Delays, Cost controls, Maintenance issues Political influences. Finally the project was completed by May 1994 and inaugurated by British Queen Elizabeth II and French President Francois Mitterrand and opened to full public services by 1995. After the completion of that project, UK has constructed the supportive projects like High speed 1. The link to Channel Tunnel called High speed1 runs 111km from London to Folkestone in Kent. It costs Euro 5.8 billions. This was opened by UK Prime Minister Tony Blair in September 2003. These trains travel at the speed of 300km/h from London to Paris in 2 hour 15minutes. Now with the stak eholders investment on constant maintenance, Channel Tunnel project is obtaining its main objective of developing transportation links. Stakeholders and their power and influence Golden Gate Bridge Stakeholders involved in this project played a major role for its execution. Initially the project has fewer funds for its execution. Then the Golden Gate Bridge and Highway District authorized through legislature approved bonds that valued $30million, but they were unable to sell those bonds. Amadeo Giannini , founder of Bank of America influenced the project by agreeing to buy the bonds to help the local economy. Later the project was carried out by the Construction Company called Mc Clintic -Marshall Construction Co. founded by Howard H. Mc Clintic and Charles D. Marshall. This construction company effectively managed to follow business processes and acquire required raw materials from Suppliers like (Steel Construction- Bethlehem Steel co., Cable Steel supplier John A. Roeblings Sons Company) and Human resources from Consulting Engineers Ammann Whitney, Contractors Dillingham Construction, Seismic retrofit Contractors Balfour Beatty Construction and Co-Contracting Obayashi Corp., Shimmick Construction company Inc., Prestressing DYWIDAG Systems International USA Inc.. The Mc Clintic -Marshall Construction Co influenced the execution of the project by its proper project management with all the suppliers to obtain the Performance objectives, meet deadlines and control on costs. Finally, Stakeholders managed to complete the project $1.3million under estimated budget with out delays. Channel Tunnel The Channel Tunnel project was a very huge project which has various stakeholders. The Stakeholders include British Channel Tunnel group which has two banks and five construction companies, French -Manche group has three banks and five construction companies were formed. Banks were there to advice on loans, financials terms and companies for construction and related work. Stakeholders in rail design and rolling stock for Locomotives are(Brush British company ABB Swedish company), Passenger railcars (Bombardier Canadian company), Railcars for carrying freight vehicles (Breda and Fiat Italian company). This project was influenced at its maximum by the stakeholders investment and their political influences. The initial proposal itself was postponed several times over a century. After initial construction, project has faced various issues with technology, machinery, Human resources suppliers and maintenance problems. Finally the project was completed with the influence of stakeholde rs. Planning, Scheduling, Managing Resources and Project life cycle Golden Gate Bridge Before the bridge was built there was only a short route by boat between San Francisco and Marin County. This is Ferry service began in 1820 and later it became scheduled ferry service in 1840. The ferry crossing between San Francisco and Marin County cost US$1.00 per vehicle and it took 20mins. The city of San Francisco was served with ferry boats as it doesnt have permanent links with the other places around the bay. Many experts turned down the proposal for building a bridge across 6,700ft strait. Because it had swirling tides and currents in water at 500ft in depth and also fog and wind may prevent construction. Eventually, the proposal took place in 1916 by James Wilkins, city Engineer of San Francisco with the budget of $100million for which the government felt impractical. Later Joseph Strauss, ambitious engineer designed a 55 mile bridge across the strait with the promising budget of $17million. This proposal was accepted only on the assurance of Strauss to alter the design b y consulting project experts and they considered the suspension type of bridge due to recent improvements in metallurgy. The Project has faced opposition from various sources. The Navy feared about ship collision with bridge may block entry to harbors. Department of war was concerned with ship traffic. Unions demanded to benefit the local workers with employment. Southern Pacific rail road opposed the project to reduce the competition to ferry services. Later in 1928 the Golden Gate Bridge and Highway District was authorized by legislature and incorporated as entity to design, construct and finance the project. The district raised $30 million for bond measure and then approved in 1930. Finally the project was carried out on January 1933 by the Construction Company called Mc Clintic -Marshall Construction Co. founded by Howard H. Mc Clintic and Charles D. Marshall. Strauss remained as a chief engineer of the project. At the time of approval the estimated budget for the construction of structure was $23million which ran over budget to $27million. The project was completed by April 1937 with $35million. T he bridge was opened to pedestrians on May 27 1937 which is made pedestrians day and later opened to vehicles. Channel Tunnel The life cycle of this project is very vast which spans from the year of 1802 to 1995. Channel Tunnel had faced many rejections for proposals before the actual commencement. Channel Tunnel between Dover, United Kingdom and Coquelles, France was first proposed in 1802 by French mining engineer Albert Mathieu. It was proposed to develop the links between two countries. The first geological and hydrographical survey was started in 1830 by Aime Thome de Gamond which resulted in positive for its construction. Later he proposed the project to Napoleon III and that was turned down. In 1867, William Low and Sir John Clarke Hawkshaw proposed the ideas which show the benefits to both the countries. But it was not implemented. In 1876, official Anglo French protocol for Channel Tunnel was established which lead to preliminary trails from both sides of the English Channel. This was opposed by the British political influences and press who feared that Tunnel may compromise with national defence. All these problems were encountered that delayed the project for a century. In 1919, during the Paris Press Conference the British Prime Minister David Lloyd George brought up the idea by reassuring to France. This was again delayed up to thirty years. In 1955, the defence arguments were turned down which lead to start the project. In 1974, the construction was started from the both sides of the Channel and it was ongoing up to one year till the dismay of the French partners and it was cancelled. Later In 1985, The British Channel Tunnel group which has two banks and five construction companies, French-Manche group has three banks and five construction companies were formed. Banks were there to advice on financials and loans. In 1986, Treaty of Canterbury was signed, that allowed proceedings with the project. The construction of the tunnel from both sides was started in 1988. During the construction, the service tunnel was broke through channel. It was finally completed by 1994. According to 2007, cost of construction was $10,153 billion which was cost overrun around 80%. The project was completed by Euro Tunnel which was officially opened on 6th May1994 by British Queen Elizabeth II and French President Francois Mitterrand. But, full service to public was opened in 1995. Project Risk Golden Gate Bridge Although it was a successful project, there were some possible risks for its execution, during and after execution. At the time of initial proposal the project faced opposition from various sources. The Department of war opposed the bridge, because the bridge may block the ships which increase Ship traffic. The Navy was in concern about the route blocking, because any ship collisions to bridge may block the routes to main harbors. The local unions demanded employment in construction and other sectors for their workers. Southern pacific Rail road opposed the bridge to reduce the competition to ferry services. The land required for construction was in dispute with Secretary of War. During the construction there was a concern about the strong tides and currents under water which would cause earthquake and could initiate collapsing of the structure. Ferocious winds and fogs may prevent the operation of construction. Now even after completion of project, it faces the risk of inhumanely be havior such as suicide and or fluctuating toll rates which makes impact on the citys revenue development. Channel Tunnel The very common risk for this type of under water tunnel projects is major water inflow in to surrounding areas. Channel Tunnel project had faced various risks with basic project design. The project ran over budget due to increase in machinery cost by 7% in 1988 and shutdown of machines due to failure in 1988. In 1989, Project faced Euros 1.2billion law suit by TML (Trans Manche link Consortium) against Eurotunnel and Change on door costs Euros 35million and risk with safety features, problems with Air cooling systems in 1991, Delay in delivery of systems acceptance certificates. After opened to public services, three fire accidents have occurred in tunnel. The first fire accident happened in 1996 with 1000 degrees Celsius which affected 50 meters of tunnel and damaged by blaze and the services were stopped for six months. The second was a minor accident happened in 2006 which made the tunnel to be closed for hours and the in September 2008, another accident occurred which made many people hospitalized and transportation was closed for two days. These accidents made a serious impact on the tunnel which in turn reduced the revenue and increased the hype for competitive services like flights and ferry services. These are only some of the risk that werent managed well in this project. Managing the Iron triangle Cost, Time, Quality Golden Gate Bridge Cost, Time and Quality are the three main factors to manage Iron Triangle. In this project, Cost Initial estimation of the project was $100 million which was then reduced to $17 million and finally fixed at $35million. The projects cost was well managed and executed with $1.3million under budget. Time The project was approved in the year of 1930 and its construction began in 1933 which was completed by 1937. The duration of the project was well managed without any delays. Quality The quality of the project wasnt standard. It depends up on suppliers and outsourcing organizations. Till today the project is undergone to various modifications which show that the required quality wasnt up to the mark in this project. Channel Tunnel In this project the concept of managing the factors like cost, time and quality wasnt done well. Cost The estimated budget of the project was $4.650 billion in 1985 and this was overrun up to 80% and it ended with $10,153 billion. Due to various risks it had faced in machinery, technology and delays, problems with suppliers the cost was almost more than double. The time factor wasnt managed properly. As it has many political influences and stakeholders, the project was delayed at every stage. The quality of the project was well managed during the after the completion of the project, when it is compared to cost and time. Apart from the three fire accidents, the project had reached its main objective by providing the quality transport services to travelers in Eurotunnel shuttle trains, users in Freight services. Soft factors Leadership, Teamwork, Commitment Golden Gate Bridge In this project, the concept of soft factors was well organized which in turn lead the project to be successful. Leadership The chief engineer Strauss took the responsibility to oversee the projects construction. Also he managed the teamwork to be well organized and to contribute its commitment for the project. The concept of project management was very well structured and organized by the Mc Clintic Marshall Construction Co. Company. With good leadership skills the company managed to get proper co-operation and commitment from its team, and all the suppliers and other stakeholders. These factors made the project to be completed in time and within the estimated budget. Channel Tunnel The concept of soft factors in this project is depended on various stakeholders involved in this project. But after its completion, Eurotunnel Company managed to deliver good leadership skills for the maintenance of the project. Though the project had faced various risks, the teamwork and commitment from the stake holders made the project to go for further proceedings and the commitment from human resources during the project had reduced the delays caused by other reasons. Supply chain Issues Golden Gate Bridge Golden Gate Bridge project has involved many organizations in its supply chain. Steel Construction- Bethlehem Steel co., Cable Steel supplier John A. Roeblings Sons Company) and Human resources from Consulting Engineers Ammann Whitney, Contractors Dillingham Construction, Seismic retrofit Contractors Balfour Beatty Construction and Co-Contracting Obayashi Corp., Shimmick Construction company Inc., Prestressing DYWIDAG Systems International USA Inc.. It is unlikely for any project to run smoothly with its supply chain issues. The project has faced various problems with Steel and Cable companies regarding delays and quality of raw materials and involvement of labor in the construction the company. Although there were supply chain issues, they were properly handled and the company followed the pre-designed business processes with all of its suppliers to achieve its set of performance objectives. Channel Tunnel This project had faced many supply chain issues with the involvement of various stakeholders at different stages of the project. Project faced rail design and rolling stock issues from Brush British company ABB Swedish company, problems is railcars for freight services with Breda and Fiat Italian company. The budget was affected by supply chain issues like In 1989, Project faced Euros 1.2billion law suit by TML (Trans Manche link Consortium) against Eurotunnel and Change on door costs Euros 35million. After 1996 fire accident, due to supply chain issues from service organizations there was a long delay of six months to restart all the services. All these supply chain issues had created a serious impact on project.

Essay --

John Berger notes that, ‘original paintings are silent and still in a sense that information never is’. This observation is not different in the case of Vincent Van Gogh's Cafe Terrace at Night (1888). While visiting a museum, I stumbled across this painting, one of Vincent Van Gogh’s great works. My next move was to engage with the painting, with the aim of understanding critical information in relation to its meaning, significance and importance in both the traditional and modern context (Whitney et al, 360). This is to ensure that we learn more about the eye-catching paintings hanging on the walls of museums. In addition, this approach is vital in understanding both the literal and hidden meaning of such a painting, as intended by the artist. The name of the picture speaks volumes in relation to its context and setting; it is a night scene. From a literal perspective, the picture shows a large establishment where people from the region can enjoy their coffee by night. On the other hand, the picture also focuses on the expression of an important meaning in accordance with the intention and the aim of the painter in its composition. For instance, Van Gogh focuses on expressing a beautiful event aided by the stars and the bright sky. In addition, the painting integrates bright colors to express a peaceful encounter during a bright night (Brower 200). Firstly, I thought it would be satisfying to understand specific data in relation to the development of this painting. I asked myself; â€Å"When was this picture made?† Vincent Van Gogh’s the Cafà © Terrace, at Night 1888, was painted between the 9th and the 16th of September 1888. The next key question was the location. I learnt that the picture was painted in Arles. According to an obse... ...to different generations in the history of Arles (Punt et al, 228). In the 21st century, the painting still has a great meaning to the people of Arles. This indicates that the painting expresses a cultural relevance to the people of Arles in a similar manner to that which they felt in the 19th century. This attachment is valuable in enhancing my interaction with the painting. Analysis indicates that the painting has diverse meanings in relation to the type of interaction an individual has with the picture. The picture is never silent once you ask relevant questions such as its meaning, intention, and significance to the artist and the target audience. Moreover, the picture could be of meaning and relevance to individuals from different generations or centuries. This is because the painting has captured and exhibited a beautiful scene (The Drawings of Van Gogh 12).

Cause and Effect Essay Essay

As a child my mom always taught me to be proud of who I am; to disregard all the negativity that was sure to come my way. As a constant reminder she bought books like Black Beautiful Me and Strong and Black to keep up my self-esteem. It was a good reminder, but because of all the negativity that surrounded me I started to feel bad about who I am. I never thought that I would have been a victim of discrimination moving to such an isolated place, but it comes to show that you will never be rid of the negativity in the world. Moving to a small town where African Americans are hard to find; a lot of racism was always targeted towards my sisters and I. Attending School was the hardest part; I always saw myself as being beautiful, but walking down the hall being called â€Å"that ugly black girl† started to take its toll on my self-esteem. Everywhere I went I ran into discrimination and stereotypes; I was constantly asked if I wanted fried chicken or watermelon, I would have guys tell me â€Å"I would date you if you had lighter skin,† or walking in the store and have the word â€Å"nigger† shouted and not know where it originated from. I didn’t understand why I wasn’t liked or given the chance to prove myself, but I felt unwanted, like I didn’t belong. When I had read â€Å"The Myth of a Latin Woman† I found it quite relatable to my situation when I had first moved to Cortez. Cofer talks about how she was stereotyped when she moved to America; how she wanted to fit in, but found it difficult because of her traditions and culture. She stresses the fact that nobody really understood her, that movies about Latin and Puerto Ricans were the closest understanding people got to her culture. Cofer then states that all the hard times that she had growing up made her stronger, and more successful. She tells the reader to take all the negative experiences and turned them positive so that nothing is stopping one from being successful. The negativity was a struggle for me, I wanted to quit public school and start homeschooling. But, I began to learn how to ignore people and not care how or what anybody thought of me. With that idea I became more at peace with myself. I started to look up when walking down the hallways, I learned  to just smile and at the negativity. Instead of the hurtful words putting me down I used it as fuel to my flame, motivation in other words, to do better and be successful.

Legal aspects of purchasing Essays

Legal aspects of purchasing Essays Legal aspects of purchasing Essay Legal aspects of purchasing Essay Deer what conditions might purchasers be personally liable for contracts they enter into? If you misrepresent your authority by: Making a false statement concerning authority with intent to deceive, or when misrepresentation has the natural and probable consequence of deception. Carrying out a detrimental act without authority, even though believing they have such authority. Performing an act that is itself illegal, even on authority from the employer. Deliberately performing an act that results In damage to anyone and acting outside the scope of their authority, even though the act Is performed with the purpose of enduring the employer a valuable service. Is an oral contract legally enforceable? Under what conditions? There are 6 conditions for an oral contract to be legally enforceable; the major ones are offer, acceptance and consideration. The other three minor ones are intent to have an agreement, capability issue (e. G. Under aged) and it has to be a legal act. Ender these conditions an oral contract is legally enforceable. What authority does a supply manager have to make decisions that are binding on the principal? What responsibility do purchasing agents have for the consequences of their decisions? The same authority that a purchasing manager would have; a Job offer letter, Job description, employment agreement, specific instructions for example on what sort of materials you are entitled to buy or supply, company policies or procedures that details the job responsibility and levels of authority and common business practices. The responsibilities of a purchasing agent are to perform his or her assigned duties to the fullest extent of their ability In a loyal, honest and careful manner. A purchasing officer may become accountable to the employer when damage occurs because of his or her negligence. The employer need to be informed consistently about detailed actions taken to accomplish those functions, and also what sort of results those actions have produced. Commercial documents should be kept organized and detailed for the employers and employees protection, as well as to conform to stipulated regulatory and legal requirements. It is important for the buyer to be clear with whoever he deals with to know that he is representing on behalf of a company to avoid personal liability so that they are able to hold the principal responsible for any action that needs to be taken.

Causes and Preconditions for the Industrial Revolution

Causes and Preconditions for the Industrial Revolution Historians may disagree on most aspects of the Industrial Revolution, but one thing they do agree on is that 18th-century Britain experienced a huge change in the economic field of goods, production and technology, and the social sphere (through urbanization and treatment of workers). The reasons for this change continue to fascinate historians, leading people to wonder if there was a set of preconditions present in Britain shortly before the Revolution which enabled or allowed it to take place. These preconditions tend to cover population, agriculture, industry, transport, trade, finance, and raw materials. Preconditions for Industrialization in Britain Circa 1750 Agriculture: As a supplier of raw materials, the agricultural sector was closely linked to the industrial; this was the main source of occupation for the British population. Half of the arable land had been enclosed, while half remained in the medieval open field system. The British agricultural economy produced a large surplus of food and drink and had been labeled the Granary of Europe because of its exports. However, production was labor-intensive. Although there had been some new crops introduced, and there were problems with underemployment. Consequently, people had multiple occupations. Industry: Most industries were small scale, domestic and local, but traditional industries could meet the domestic demands. There was some inter-regional trade, but this was limited by poor transport. The key industry was wool production, bringing in a substantial portion of Britain’s wealth, but this was coming under threat from cotton. Population: The nature of the British population has implications for the supply and demand for food and goods, as well as the supply of cheap labor. The population had increased in the earlier part of the 18th century, especially closer to the middle of the era, and was mostly located in rural areas. The people were gradually accepting of social change and the upper and middle classes were interested in new thinking in science, philosophy. and culture. Transport: Good transport links are seen as a basic requirement for the Industrial Revolution, as the transport of goods and raw materials were essential for reaching wider markets. Generally, in 1750, transport was limited to poor quality local roads - a few of which were turnpikes, toll roads which improved speed but added cost - rivers, and coastal traffic. While this system was limited, interregional trade did occur, such as coal from the north to London. Trade: This had developed during the first half of the 18th century both internally and externally, with a great deal of wealth coming from the triangle slave trade. The main market for British goods was Europe, and the government maintained a mercantilist policy to encourage it. Provincial ports had developed, such as Bristol and Liverpool. Finance: By 1750, Britain had begun to move towards capitalist institutions - which are considered part of the development of the Revolution. The produce of trade was creating a new, wealthy class prepared to invest in industries. Groups like the Quakers have also been identified as investing in areas which contributed to the industrial boom. Raw Materials: Britain had the raw resources necessary for a revolution in plentiful supply. Although they were being extracted in abundance, this was still limited by traditional methods. In addition, the related industries tended to be nearby because of poor transport links, exerting a pull on where industry occurred. Conclusions Britain in 1870 had the following which has all been stated as necessary for an Industrial Revolution: good mineral resources, growing population, wealth, spare land and food, ability to innovate, laissez-faire government policy, scientific interest, and trading opportunities. Around 1750, all of these began to develop simultaneously. The result was a massive change. Causes of the Revolution As well as the debate over preconditions, there has been a closely-related discussion over the causes of the revolution. A wide range of factors is generally considered to have worked together, including: The end of medieval structures changed economic relationships and allowed for change.A higher population because of less disease and lower infant mortality allows for a larger industrial workforce.The Agricultural Revolution frees people from the soil, allowing - or driving - them into cities and manufacturing.Proportionally large amounts of spare capital were available for investment.Inventions and the scientific revolution allowed for new technology to increase and cheapen production.Colonial trade networks allowed the import of materials and the export of manufactured goods.The presence of all the required resources close together, such as coal near iron.Culture of hard work, risk-taking, and the development of ideas.Demand for goods.